Blind watermarking scheme for polylines in vector geo-spatial data

Peng, Zhiyong; Yue, Mingliang; Wu, Xia; Peng, Yuwei

doi:10.1007/s11042-014-2259-9

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Equations (9) and (12) in Section 2.3.2 show the distribution probabilities under two conditions, which is the basis of the detection model. However, the premise for Equations (9) and (12) are the Lindeberg conditions, which are difficult to demonstrate by means of theoretical derivation.…”

Section: Applicability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the proposed detection algorithm is compatible with single watermarking detection algorithms, and it has good performance in terms of detection efficiency. Therefore, multiple watermarking technology can effectively solve the above information security problems of vector geographic data.Currently, many scholars have been devoted to developing digital watermark technology, and they have proposed many algorithms [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, these algorithms focus on embedding only one watermark in the cover data, which then lacks multi-copyright protection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Equations (9), (12), and (15), the false positive error (FPE), e 1 , and the false negative error (FNE), e 2 , can be calculated via Equation (17):…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Efficient Robust Multiple Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Geographic Data

et al. 2018

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Vector geographic data play an important role in location information services. Digital watermarking has been widely used in protecting vector geographic data from being easily duplicated by digital forensics. Because the production and application of vector geographic data refer to many units and departments, the demand for multiple watermarking technology is increasing. However, multiple watermarking algorithm for vector geographic data draw less attention, and there are many urgent problems to be solved. Therefore, an efficient robust multiple watermark algorithm for vector geographic data is proposed in this paper. The coordinates in vector geographic data are first randomly divided into non-repetitive sets. The multiple watermarks are then embedded into the different sets. In watermark detection correlation, the Lindeberg theory is used to build a detection model and to confirm the detection threshold. Finally, experiments are made in order to demonstrate the detection algorithm, and to test its robustness against common attacks, especially against cropping attacks. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust against the deletion of vertices, addition of vertices, compression, and cropping attacks. Moreover, the proposed detection algorithm is compatible with single watermarking detection algorithms, and it has good performance in terms of detection efficiency. Therefore, multiple watermarking technology can effectively solve the above information security problems of vector geographic data.Currently, many scholars have been devoted to developing digital watermark technology, and they have proposed many algorithms [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, these algorithms focus on embedding only one watermark in the cover data, which then lacks multi-copyright protection. Multiple watermarking draws less attention than single watermarking, and it does not simply involve the embedding of different watermarks by using the single watermarking algorithm. The multiple watermarking algorithm commonly focuses on images and videos. There are three main methods for addressing the impact of multiple watermarks, as described in References [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The first is dividing the images into multiple blocks for multiple watermarks [17,18,27,29]. The second is embedding multiple watermarks into different frequency domains or channels [19][20][21][22][23]26,30]. The last is merging multiple watermarks into one [24,25,27]. Usually multiple methods are combined in one algorithm. In the above references, only a few previous works have been proposed for vector geographic data; for instance, References [24-29]. Sun et al. combined a child copyright watermark with another child watermark consisting of features selected by fuzzy clustering from the vector map. The new watermark was then embedded into the vector map [24]. Li et al. proposed a multiple watermark embedding solution through the generation of additional information with waterma...

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Section: Applicability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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An Efficient Robust Multiple Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Geographic Data

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“…The resilience to both geometric and operational attacks is measured by comparing the extracted watermark with the original watermark by using the metrics that are shown in [22,70,112,118,124,152,167,174,192,196,197,211], [43,46,48,69,86,115,130,131,134,177,199,217], [40,74,82,85,113,120,122,127,171,188,190] Noise addition 37 [3,93,101,112,117,165,169,172,180,184,185,203], [10,39,46,…”

Section: Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in GIS map copyright protection schemes - a critical review

Abubahia

Cocea

2016

Multimed Tools Appl

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Dramatic advancements in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and computer technologies resulted in a wide availability of rich-knowledge GIS digital vector maps that are easily accessible and downloadable through the world wide web. This led to the need of copyright protection systems to protect the rights of the producers of these maps. Unlike the research on copyright protection for raster/image data types, the research for vector map data is less documented. This article surveys and classifies the GIS vector map copyright protection research papers published between 2000 and 2014, towards a thorough understanding of the-state-of-the-art, addressing significant limitations of previous review articles, and outlining effective recommendations for future research directions.

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“…Vector data digital watermarking algorithms can be divided into the spatial domain algorithm, frequency domain algorithm, geometric domain algorithm, and zero-watermarking algorithm according to the watermark embedding position and the source of the watermark information. The spatial domain watermarking algorithm uses quantification, coordinate mapping, and other methods to embed the watermark by modifying the vector data coordinate values within the error tolerance, thus achieving strong resistance to addition and deletion attacks [20][21][22][23][24]. The frequency domain watermarking algorithm embeds the watermark into the coordinate transform domain coefficients such as DFT (discrete Fourier transform), DCT (discrete cosine transform), DWT (discrete wavelet transform), which improves the ability of the algorithm to resist attacks such as noise and translation [25][26][27][28].…”

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confidence: 99%

A Novel Infringement Detection Method for GIS Vector Data

Tang

Zhang

Jing

et al. 2019

IJGI

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There is undoubtedly a groundswell of support for the concept of geographic data sharing with the rapid development and wide-ranging application of geographic information science. However, copyright protection and infringement detection in the process of geographic data sharing has always been an important issue that needs to be addressed urgently. In this paper, we present a novel infringement detection method for GIS vector data to compensate for the shortcomings of vector data digital watermarking technology in infringement detection. The method determines whether infringement exists by the duplication degree between the original data and the vector data to be detected in three features including feature features, included angle features and vertex features which gets by using the spatial information of vector data to perform the feature matching based on GeoJSON format data. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively resist common geometric attacks, such as interpolation attack, deletion attack, similarity transformation attack, feature order scrambling attack, and feature simplification attack, on vector data, which proves that the proposed algorithm has excellent robustness and meets the requirements of practical application. but there is growing demand for geographic data in society. This forms a contradiction, and the issue of geographic data sharing needs to be resolved as soon as possible.In order to promote the sharing of geographic data, some international organizations and countries have set up systems and platforms [3][4][5] dedicated to the sharing of geographic data, and there have also been a number of crowd-sourced geographic information platforms [6] established spontaneously. The emergence of these platforms has provided good geographic data support for research, education, and development of the geographic information discipline, but still fails to resolve the above contradiction. there is an urgent demand for a technology that can protect the copyright of geographic data effectively in the case of imperfect laws and regulations.At present, encryption control technology and digital watermarking technology are the main means of geographic data copyright protection [8]. Among them, encryption control technology combines computer hardware, computer software, and geographic data to control the reading and writing of geographic data at the bottom of the computer system. It can prevent users from reading, abusing, and tampering with unauthorized geographic data on unauthorized computers, and can prevent illegal acts such as infringement and disclosure of geographic data in advance. However, this technology is more suitable for the protection of classified data than the public-oriented geographic data sharing process because it is demanding on software and hardware. Digital watermarking technology is an after-the-fact pursuit technique [9], which embeds watermark information (such as a copyright information identification image) into geographic data, and the geogra...

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Blind watermarking scheme for polylines in vector geo-spatial data

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

An Efficient Robust Multiple Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Geographic Data

An Efficient Robust Multiple Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Geographic Data

Advancements in GIS map copyright protection schemes - a critical review

A Novel Infringement Detection Method for GIS Vector Data

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