Blinding Trachoma: Prevention With the Safe Strategy

West, Sheila K.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2003.69.18

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Em geral condições inadequadas de higiene favorecem a transmissão da C. trachomatis por meio do contato com secreções 31 . Estudo longitudinal realizado em dois momentos, num intervalo de seis anos, verificou que crianças que apresentaram higiene inadequada da face na primeira observação e adequada no acompanhamento, mostraram menor probabilidade de apresentar tracoma intenso do que aquelas com higiene inadequada nos dois momentos do estudo (OR = 0,21) 32 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Fatores associados ao tracoma em área hipoendêmica da Região Sudeste, Brasil

et al. 2005

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A case-control study matched by age and school (n = 121 pairs) A queda acentuada da incidência do tracoma em países industrializados pela melhoria das condições de vida e, especialmente, as de higiene, tem diminuído sua visibilidade como problema em saúde pública 3 .Nas regiões mais desenvolvidas do Brasil assiste-se a fenômeno semelhante. No Estado de São Paulo, por exemplo, houve declínio acentuado da prevalência do tracoma desde meados da década de 1940, permitindo que alguns técnicos considerassem-no "erradicado" 4 . No entanto, sua presença volta a ser assinalada nos anos 80, mas com baixa endemicidade. Luna et al. 5 verificaram na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo prevalência de 2,1% da forma inflamatória do tracoma, atingindo principalmente as populações rurais e periurbanas.Poucos estudos têm detalhado o comportamento do tracoma em áreas hipoendêmicas. As publicações focalizando a região metropolitana de São Paulo sugerem uma baixa prevalên-cia, porém os estudos não foram conclusivos quanto aos principais fatores de risco, tornan-

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Fatores associados ao tracoma em área hipoendêmica da Região Sudeste, Brasil

et al. 2005

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“…3 The disease is targeted by WHO for elimination as a public health problem by the year 2020, with control programs implementing the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, Environmental improvement) strategy in endemic areas. 4,5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Trachoma Mapping in Six Evaluation Units of Papua New Guinea

Macleod

Pahau

et al. 2016

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years, and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in those aged ≥15 years, in suspected trachoma-endemic areas of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Methods: We carried out six population-based prevalence surveys using the protocol developed as part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project. Results: A total of 19,013 individuals were sampled for inclusion, with 15,641 (82.3%) consenting to participate. Four evaluation units had prevalences of TF in children ≥10%, above which threshold the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mass drug administration (MDA) of azithromycin for at least three years; Western Province (South Fly/Daru) 11.2% (95% confidence interval, CI, 6.9–17.0%), Southern Highlands (East) 12.2% (95% CI 9.6–15.0%), Southern Highlands (West) 11.7% (95% CI 8.5–15.3%), and West New Britain 11.4% (95% CI 8.7–13.9%). TF prevalence was 5.0–9.9% in Madang (9.4%, 95% CI 6.1–13.0%) and National Capital District (6.0%. 95% CI 3.2–9.1%) where consideration of a single round of MDA is warranted. Cases of TT were not found outside West New Britain, in which four cases were seen, generating an estimated population-level prevalence of TT in adults of 0.10% (95% CI 0.00–0.40%) for West New Britain, below the WHO elimination threshold of 0.2% of those aged ≥15 years. Conclusion: Trachoma is a public health issue in PNG. However, other than in West New Britain, there are few data to support the idea that trachoma is a cause of blindness in PNG. Further research is needed to understand the stimulus for the active trachoma phenotype in these populations.

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“…1 Improvements in sanitation, including latrine construction, have been among the most promoted environmental improvements, because improved sanitation facilities reduce the density of the eye-seeking flies thought to be important for chlamydial transmission. [2][3][4][5][6][7] In a previously reported clinical trial, we randomized 12 communities to a latrine promotion intervention and another 12 communities to no latrine promotion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Latrine Use and Trachoma: A Secondary Cohort Analysis from a Randomized Clinical Trial

Haile¹,

Tadesse²,

Gebreselassie³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Latrine use has been promoted as a component of an integrated strategy for trachoma control. As part of a randomized trial in Ethiopia, 12 communities received a mass azithromycin distribution followed by a latrine promotion intervention. A random sample of children ages 0-9 years in each community was monitored longitudinally for ocular chlamydia. After latrine construction ended, those communities with a higher proportion of households using latrines were more likely to experience a reduction in the prevalence of ocular chlamydia. Specifically, for each 10% increase in latrine use, there was a 2.0% decrease (95% confidence interval = 0.2-3.9% decrease) in the community prevalence of ocular chlamydia over the subsequent year (P = 0.04).

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Blinding Trachoma: Prevention With the Safe Strategy

Cited by 45 publications

References 53 publications

Fatores associados ao tracoma em área hipoendêmica da Região Sudeste, Brasil

Fatores associados ao tracoma em área hipoendêmica da Região Sudeste, Brasil

Population-Based Trachoma Mapping in Six Evaluation Units of Papua New Guinea

The Association between Latrine Use and Trachoma: A Secondary Cohort Analysis from a Randomized Clinical Trial

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