Blink Reflexes in Orbicularis Oculi1

Blink reflexes elicited by electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerves, by monoaurally presented 1 kHz sine wave bursts of 20-ms duration, and by flashes of light presented monocularly were investigated in 32 healthy controls. Absolute latencies of the individual components and side differences were measured. An outline of possible anatomical pathways which might be involved in the transmission of these reflexes is given.

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“…The polysynaptic character of the second component is agreed by all investigators [Kugelberg, 1952;Shahani and Young. 1973;Penders and Delwaide.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…So. Shahani and Young [1973] pos tulated that the reflex can be elicited by stim ulation of cutaneous afferents. Shahani [1970] believed that the first component of the blink reflex is comparable with a with drawal reflex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blink Reflexes Elicited by Electrical, Acoustic and Visual Stimuli

1982

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“…We suggest they be referred to as long-latenly reJexes because they consistently occur with latencies longer than the normal first two components of the blink reflex. The first two components result from stimulation of cutaneous afferents and the second produces eye closure [31). The second component is more asynchronous than the first and is subject to habituation, a progressive decline in duration and amplitude with repeated stimuli C301.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic leg movements of sleep (nocturnal myoclonus): An electrophysiological study

Wechsler

Stakes

Shahani

et al. 1986

Annals of Neurology

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Six patients with periodic leg movements of sleep (PLMS) were studied electrophysiologically. All patients had normal results on routine nerve conduction studies and electromyography. In 5 patients the blink reflex consisted of three components, and in 1 patient it consisted of four components, with two components being normal. The second component of their blink reflex did not habituate. Other abnormalities included long-latency responses in the extremities in 2 patients, release of H-reflexes from flexor hallucis brevis muscle in 2 patients, and an Hmax/Mmax ratio of 98% in 2 patients. One patient's median nerve somatosensory-evoked response had a markedly enlarged P22 wave. These electrophysiological abnormalities suggest a disorder of the central nervous system producing increased excitability of segmental reflexes. To produce increased excitability of both brainstem and spinal cord reflexes, the disorder must be operative at the pontine level or rostral to it. Since long-latency components of blink reflexes occurred in all our patients, this may be a helpful diagnostic test when PLMS is suspected.

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“…In contrast, an airpuffpresented 1 cm lateral to the outer canthus of the eye probably produces activity in the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (Ongerboer de Visser, 1983). Shahani and Young (1973) have reported regions in which cutaneous stimuli to the face readily elicit a reflex blink. These regions include those served by the supraorbital and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve, but not the mandibular branch.…”

Section: Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using airpuffs to elicit the human blink reflex

Haerich

1998

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Blink Reflexes in Orbicularis Oculi1

Cited by 14 publications

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Blink Reflexes Elicited by Electrical, Acoustic and Visual Stimuli

Blink Reflexes Elicited by Electrical, Acoustic and Visual Stimuli

Periodic leg movements of sleep (nocturnal myoclonus): An electrophysiological study

Using airpuffs to elicit the human blink reflex

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