Block Copolymer Nanostructures for Technology

Tseng, Yu‐Chih; Darling, Seth B.

doi:10.3390/polym2040470

Cited by 137 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…This is perhaps somewhat surprising as this is an area where block copolymers appear to have their most beneficial impact in OPV technology. 40 Block copolymer compatibilizers reduce the interfacial energy between the immiscible components by spanning the heterojunction itself. Generally, one of the segments of the block copolymer will comprise of a material chemically similar to one of the components of the blend whereas the other segment will have chemical similarity to the opposing material.…”

Section: Compatibilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a number of reviews in the literature that cover various aspects of the use of block copolymers in optoelectronics 33 and photovoltaics, 34 and also the challenges faced when using block copolymers in such devices, 35 the various active donor-acceptor systems used, 36 conjugated block copolymer behavior, [37][38][39] and nanostructural considerations. 40 Here, we have constructed a review for readers new to the field of OPVs in an attempt to stimulate progress toward highly efficient block copolymer-based devices. It is important to note that this review does not concern alternating copolymers based on donor-acceptor units (the so-called push-pull low-band gap polymers) as these are not block copolymers, and the reader is directed elsewhere for such work.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Block copolymer strategies for solar cell technology

Topham¹,

Parnell²,

Hiorns³

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

186

169

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A simple overview of the methods used and the expected benefits of block copolymers in organic photovoltaic devices is given in this review. The description of the photovoltaic process makes it clear how the detailed self-assembly properties of block copolymers can be exploited. Organic photovoltaic technology, an inexpensive, clean and renewable energy source, is an extremely promising option for replacing fossil fuels. It is expected to deliver printable devices processed on flexible substrates using high-volume techniques. Such devices, however, currently lack the long-term stability and efficiency to allow organic photovoltaics to surpass current technologies. Block copolymers are envisaged to help overcome these obstacles because of their long term structural stability and their solid-state morphology being of the appropriate dimensions to efficiently perform charge collection and transfer to electrodes.

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Section: Compatibilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Block copolymer strategies for solar cell technology

Topham¹,

Parnell²,

Hiorns³

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

186

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The simplest form of a BCP is one that contains two polymer blocks covalently connected at their ends, i.e., a diblock copolymer (di-BCP) as shown in Figure 1 . [ 20 ] The block volume fractions ( f A and f B , where f A + f B = 1) and the polymer-polymer interaction parameter (referred to as the chi factor, Flory-Huggins χ AB parameter or simply χ) contribute to resulting morphology and the self-assembly dynamics of di-BCP materials. [ 22 ] The χ value quantifi es the degree of dissimilarity of constituent chains.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201503432mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivation and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Inorganic Incorporation using Neat Block Copolymer Thin Films for Etch Mask Function and Nanotechnological Application

et al. 2016

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Block copolymers (BCPs) and their directed self-assembly (DSA) has emerged as a realizable complementary tool to aid optical patterning of device elements for future integrated circuit advancements. Methods to enhance BCP etch contrast for DSA application and further potential applications of inorganic nanomaterial features (e.g., semiconductor, dielectric, metal and metal oxide) are examined. Strategies to modify, infiltrate and controllably deposit inorganic materials by utilizing neat self-assembled BCP thin films open a rich design space to fabricate functional features in the nanoscale regime. An understanding and overview on innovative ways for the selective inclusion/infiltration or deposition of inorganic moieties in microphase separated BCP nanopatterns is provided. Early initial inclusion methods in the field and exciting contemporary reports to further augment etch contrast in BCPs for pattern transfer application are described. Specifically, the use of evaporation and sputtering methods, atomic layer deposition, sequential infiltration synthesis, metal-salt inclusion and aqueous metal reduction methodologies forming isolated nanofeatures are highlighted in di-BCP systems. Functionalities and newly reported uses for electronic and non-electronic technologies based on the inherent properties of incorporated inorganic nanostructures using di-BCP templates are highlighted. We outline the potential for extension of incorporation methods to triblock copolymer features for more diverse applications. Challenges and emerging areas of interest for inorganic infiltration of BCPs are also discussed.

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“…[1][2][3][4] To further improve their performance, a number of approaches are being pursued, including the development of new materials with improved electrical and optical properties, [5][6][7][8][9] the use of nanoscale architectures within the devices, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and the formation of hybrid organic-inorganic systems for improved charge carrier collection and solar spectral coverage. [19][20][21][22][23] This latter effort is of particular importance as developments in device designs and existing material properties are now well advanced, so further improvement in PCE is likely to rely on increased utilization of the solar spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near infrared up-conversion in organic photovoltaic devices using an efficient Yb3+:Ho3+ Co-doped Ln2BaZnO5 (Ln = Y, Gd) phosphor

Adikaari

Etchart

Guering

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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A novel and compact nanoindentation device for in situ nanoindentation tests inside the scanning electron microscope AIP Advances 2, 012104 (2012) Invited Review Article: Photopyroelectric calorimeter for the simultaneous thermal, optical, and structural characterization of samples over phase transitions Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 121101 (2011) Nanometer optomechanical transistor based on nanometer cavity optomechanics with a single quantum dot J. Appl. Phys. 110, 114308 (2011) Breakover mechanism of GaAs photoconductive switch triggering spark gap for high power applications J. Appl. Phys. 110, 094507 (2011) Additional information on J. Appl. Phys. co-doped Y 2 BaZnO 5 near-infrared up-converting phosphors with organic photovoltaic devices is reported. We show that it is possible to obtain a J sc of 16 lA cm À2 under 986 nm illumination ($390 mW cm À2 corresponding to $37 suns) leading to an up-conversion external quantum efficiency (g UC EQE ) of 0.0052%. Through modification of the organic photovoltaic devices to incorporate transparent electrodes we show that g UC EQE could be increased to 0.031 %, matching that achieved in amorphous-Si:H PV cells. Accounting for the full spectral range that may be absorbed by the phosphor ($870-1030 nm) yields an up-conversion power conversion efficiency (g UC PCE ) of 0.073% which again could be improved to 0.45% using transparent electrodes. This technique for utilizing the near-infrared spectral region may therefore offer a potential route to improving the performance of organic photovoltaic devices as research into discovering high-efficiency up-converting phosphors continues to provide improved materials. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics.

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Block Copolymer Nanostructures for Technology

Cited by 137 publications

References 98 publications

Block copolymer strategies for solar cell technology

Block copolymer strategies for solar cell technology

Strategies for Inorganic Incorporation using Neat Block Copolymer Thin Films for Etch Mask Function and Nanotechnological Application

Near infrared up-conversion in organic photovoltaic devices using an efficient Yb3+:Ho3+ Co-doped Ln2BaZnO5 (Ln = Y, Gd) phosphor

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