Blockchain and Smart Healthcare Security: A Survey

Tariq, Noshina; Qamar, Ayesha; Asim, Muhammad; Khan, Farrukh Aslam

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.089

Cited by 106 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The consortium blockchain technology used in this paper improves the overall security of remote health monitoring systems by providing key features such as confidentiality, transparency, immutability, traceability, data privacy, and availability [ 41 , 56 ].The inclusion of the blockchain also enables various highly important characteristics for the selected healthcare use case, e.g., trusted data sharing, secure monitoring or tracking of different processes and their phases, and keeping the electronic medical records of users.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-BlockEdge: Blockchain-Edge Framework for Reliable Low-Latency Digital Healthcare Applications

Ejaz

Kumar

Kovacevic

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The rapid evolution of technology allows the healthcare sector to adopt intelligent, context-aware, secure, and ubiquitous healthcare services. Together with the global trend of an aging population, it has become highly important to propose value-creating, yet cost-efficient digital solutions for healthcare systems. These solutions should provide effective means of healthcare services in both the hospital and home care scenarios. In this paper, we focused on the latter case, where the goal was to provide easy-to-use, reliable, and secure remote monitoring and aid for elderly persons at their home. We proposed a framework to integrate the capabilities of edge computing and blockchain technology to address some of the key requirements of smart remote healthcare systems, such as long operating times, low cost, resilience to network problems, security, and trust in highly dynamic network conditions. In order to assess the feasibility of our approach, we evaluated the performance of our framework in terms of latency, power consumption, network utilization, and computational load, compared to a scenario where no blockchain was used.

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Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-BlockEdge: Blockchain-Edge Framework for Reliable Low-Latency Digital Healthcare Applications

Ejaz

Kumar

Kovacevic

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…5 Therefore, this paradigm opens new directions for research, including security, interoperability, software development, and so on. 23 However, security definition has also been changed due to multiple entry points distributed in such networks. Moreover, the attacks'/attackers' behavior has also been changed along with technological advancements, which does not correlate with the existing attack phenomenon.…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

CTrust‐RPL: A control layer‐based trust mechanism for supporting secure routing in routing protocol for low power and lossy networks‐based Internet of Things applications

Hassan

Asim

Baker

et al. 2021

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Internet of Things (IoT) fostered a new epoch of innovation by interconnecting digital devices to make human life more convenient and attractive. These smart objects are largely deployed as low power and lossy networks (LLNs) and use routing protocol for LLNs (RPL) for routing. Unfortunately, it is extremely vulnerable to a large variety of external and internal attacks to cause devastating and calamitous effects. However, this article's scope revolves around internal attacks only, where nodes are already part of a legitimate network. Various trust-based mechanisms have been proposed to secure the RPL protocol from insider attackers. Existing trust mechanisms cause high energy depletion due to complex computation on the node level, which consequently decreases the performance of LLNs. Therefore, this article presents a novel hierarchical trust-based mechanism "CTrust-RPL" by assessing the trust of nodes based on their forwarding behaviors. This study ships complex trust-related computations to the higher layer, known as the controller, to save computational, storage, and energy resources at the node level. We also compare the proposed mechanism with a state-of-the-art technique called Sec-trust. Our mechanism demonstrates superior performance in detecting and isolating blackhole attacks. The results depict that CTrust-RPL detects and isolates 10% more malicious nodes than Sec-trust in the same time-lapse. The average packet loss ratio difference is less for our proposed mechanism, with 35% more energy efficiency. 1 INTRODUCTION Internet of Things (IoT) has become an essential part of our personal lives. It is emerging as an epoch of innovation, where devices belonging to digital and machine ecosystems are interconnected over the Internet to yield efficacy and convenience in academia, industries, and human lives. 1-3 Technologies like 5G and 6G enable the next generation of wireless communication systems in compliance with sophisticated techniques for security. 4,5 They support the huge IoT infrastructures, which can be defined as a link, management, and communication of a large number of smart and sensing things (also known as objects). These things are capable of interacting with each other, especially, for transferring information in a network. 6-8 They are largely deployed as low power and lossy networks (LLN). The LLN is a class of networks where Trans Emerging Tel Tech.

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“…It is envisaged that future works on privacy preserving and security of ECG monitoring applications using blcokchain technology will be explored by researchers soon. Blockchain is a promising technology that could be utilized to provide better security of storage, transfer and access of Electronic Health Records in cloud environment [171,172]. One advantage of blockchain technology is that it does not rely on trusting a third party.…”

Section: Privacy Preservation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances of ECG Sensors from Hardware, Software and Format Interoperability Perspectives

et al. 2021

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It is well-known that cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death worldwide nowadays. Electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor is one of the tools commonly used by cardiologists to diagnose and detect signs of heart disease with their patients. Since fast, prompt and accurate interpretation and decision is important in saving the life of patients from sudden heart attack or cardiac arrest, many innovations have been made to ECG sensors. However, the use of traditional ECG sensors is still prevalent in the clinical settings of many medical institutions. This article provides a comprehensive survey on ECG sensors from hardware, software and data format interoperability perspectives. The hardware perspective outlines a general hardware architecture of an ECG sensor along with the description of its hardware components. The software perspective describes various techniques (denoising, machine learning, deep learning, and privacy preservation) and other computer paradigms used in the software development and deployment for ECG sensors. Finally, the format interoperability perspective offers a detailed taxonomy of current ECG formats and the relationship among these formats. The intention is to help researchers towards the development of modern ECG sensors that are suitable and approved for adoption in real clinical settings.

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Blockchain and Smart Healthcare Security: A Survey

Cited by 106 publications

References 32 publications

Health-BlockEdge: Blockchain-Edge Framework for Reliable Low-Latency Digital Healthcare Applications

Health-BlockEdge: Blockchain-Edge Framework for Reliable Low-Latency Digital Healthcare Applications

CTrust‐RPL: A control layer‐based trust mechanism for supporting secure routing in routing protocol for low power and lossy networks‐based Internet of Things applications

Advances of ECG Sensors from Hardware, Software and Format Interoperability Perspectives

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