Blockchain application in healthcare service mode based on Health Data Bank

Blockchain technology applications in the health domain: a multivocal literature review

“…It contains features to create and manage consent documents, store them decentralized, and log all views and changes of the database entries on a chain The need for sharing and ensuring traceability of clinical trial data The need for structuring clinical trial data which is usually kept in silo forms Precision medicine The need for ensuring privacy and security of data in diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases by considering the variabilities in genes, environment and lifestyle of individuals Juneja and Marefat [ 84 ] introduced a system that uses deep learning to classify arrhythmias and smart contracts to keep access in control. Lee and Yang [ 176 ] created a nail analysis system that combines microscopy sensors and blockchain to predict reliably the diagnosis of fingernail diseases Gong and Zhao [ 122 ] proposed a blockchain-based healthcare system that generates scientific knowledge such as the characteristics of gastric cancer or the cause of diabetes from personal health data by applying big data analysis techniques, knowledge discovery, and knowledge refining Remote patient monitoring/internet of medical things The need for a secure system in collecting and sharing data in a real time manner via IoT technology (e.g., body scanners, wearable devices, and heart monitors) Griggs et al . [ 86 ] used customized threshold values stored in smart contracts to analyze patient data gathered via IoT healthcare devices.…”

“…In blockchain, all data and transactions are digitally signed which enables prevention of unauthorized access to network [ 70 , 85 , 89 , 98 , 99 , 101 , 104 , 116 – 121 ]. It employs asymmetric cryptography to authenticate users and safeguard data, thus enabling confidentiality among the participants of a system [ 116 , 122 – 125 ].…”

“…If a node fails or is compromised in a chain, the failure does not cause the entire system to stop. Therefore, it has a more robust structure and resilient to cyber-attacks [ 74 , 79 , 81 , 85 , 89 , 90 , 92 , 95 , 98 , 107 , 121 , 122 , 127 , 131 , 135 , 136 ]. Patients’ health data are stored on the servers of various healthcare providers in blockchain-based applications; thus, a single failure does not affect all locations to stop working simultaneously [ 74 , 118 ].…”

“…Blockchain poses performance [ 91 , 101 , 117 , 127 , 130 , 133 , 146 ] and scalability challenges [ 66 , 92 , 110 ]. As a performance issue, the read latency increases with the growth of ledgers [ 94 , 122 ]. Public blockchains suffer from scalability issues due to ledger replication in all network participants and consensus mechanisms [ 165 ] and the need for significant computing power and storage space required on each node [ 92 ].…”

Efficient Decentralized Sharing Economy Model based on Blockchain Technology: A Case Study of Najm for Insurance Services Company

“…Gem is a Central Disease Control system that uses blockchain to provide effective disaster relief by inputting outbreak information onto a blockchain having an immutable ledger to help researchers collect and analyze data, and make the circumstances of the disease spread evident. The Ethereum platform has been used in Gem [14].…”