Blockchain-Based Reputation System in Agri-Food Supply Chain

Shahid, Affaf; Sarfraz, Umair; Malik, Muhammad Waseem; Iftikhar, Muhammad Sohaib; Jamal, Abid; Javaid, Nadeem

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44041-1_2

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Apart from the challenges of scalability, security, and privacy, the challenges of technical, organizational, and regulatory origin in blockchain-based FSCs [22] were highlighted, including the technological immaturity [23], and adoption barriers [4,84], providing implications for research directions [13,17,22,33,84]. The lack of national and international regulations and standards [35], high costs for blockchain development, gas consumption [53,58,92] and substantial energy and computing power consumption [57,92] can hinder the industry-wide adoption in FSCs [22]. Additionally, the interoperability of DLTs should be investigated, including blockchain-to-blockchain and blockchain-to-legacy interoperability [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various decentralized storage solutions were investigated to improve the scalability of blockchain solutions. The Interplanetary File System (IPFS) and Ethereum blockchain were integrated for decentralized storage of IoT data in an automated FSC traceability model [51], in agri-food prototypical [52], and system design solutions [53,54]. Manufacturer data and various quality inspections details were stored in a centralized server, while IoT data was stored in a so-called table of content (TOC) located both on a central server and on a decentralized database of IPFS.…”

Section: Scalability Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case study [68] agri-food conference 2018 Experimental setup [49] 2020 System design, simulation [53] 2016 System (framework) design [76] 2019 System (framework) design [71] 2017…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed Ledger Technology Applications in Food Supply Chains: A Review of Challenges and Future Research Directions

et al. 2021

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The lack of transparency and traceability in food supply chains (FSCs) is raising concerns among consumers and stakeholders about food information credibility, food quality, and safety. Insufficient records, a lack of digitalization and standardization of processes, and information exchange are some of the most critical challenges, which can be tackled with disruptive technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs). Studies provide evidence that novel technological and sustainable practices in FSCs are necessary. This paper aims to describe current practical applications of DLTs and IoT in FSCs, investigating the challenges of implementation, and potentials for future research directions, thus contributing to achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Within a systematic literature review, the content of 69 academic publications was analyzed, describing aspects of implementation and measures to address the challenges of scalability, security, and privacy of DLT, and IoT solutions. The challenges of high costs, standardization, regulation, interoperability, and energy consumption of DLT solutions were also classified as highly relevant, but were not widely addressed in literature. The application of DLTs in FSCs can potentially contribute to 6 strategic SDGs, providing synergies and possibilities for more sustainable, traceable, and transparent FSCs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scalability Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed Ledger Technology Applications in Food Supply Chains: A Review of Challenges and Future Research Directions

et al. 2021

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“…In such circumstances, if the final product is damaged or of low quality, then identifying the cause of the fault can be very difficult [19][20]. Therefore, to ensure issues such as product faulty or to maintain quality, the movement of products must be tracked from origin to the end consumer and it is the fundamental part of FSCM [20].…”

Section: Fscmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of FSCM With Blockchain and Big Data Integration

Amin¹,

Khan²,

Zuhairi³

2021

INDJCSE

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Distributed ledger technology is an immutable data storage and transparent system, which is a constituent component that empowers the FSCM (Food supply Chain Management). Due to the autonomous and immutable data feature, the scalability of blockchain technology is quite a challenge. A supply chain is a network that flows product from suppliers to the final consumer, which produces a high volume of data. In the blockchain, processing high volume of data is quite a significant issue and may affect business profit. To overcome the issue, Big Data and User Controllable Code for Smart Contracts (UCCSC) will be integrated with the blockchain-based FSCM system. Big data technology is typically used to analyze high volume of both structured and unstructured data, which is very difficult to process using habitual database and software techniques. The UCCSC integrates the blockchain and big data and manage the user in the FSCM system. This paper mainly discusses the integration of blockchain-based FSCM and Big Data, and the mechanism that supports such system.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing work in literature that provides an end to end solution for Agri-food supply chain. However, this paper is an extension of blockchain-based reputation system proposed in [12]. The proposed solution uses ethereum smart contracts to assure an efficient, secure and trusted environment for the supply chain activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Based Agri-Food Supply Chain: A Complete Solution

et al. 2020

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Supply chains are evolving into automated and highly complex networks and are becoming an important source of potential benefits in the modern world. At the same time, consumers are now more interested in food product quality. However, it is challenging to track the provenance of data and maintain its traceability throughout the supply chain network. The traditional supply chains are centralized and they depend on a third party for trading. These centralized systems lack transparency, accountability and auditability. In our proposed solution, we have presented a complete solution for blockchain-based Agriculture and Food (Agri-Food) supply chain. It leverages the key features of blockchain and smart contracts, deployed over ethereum blockchain network. Although blockchain provides immutability of data and records in the network, it still fails to solve some major problems in supply chain management like credibility of the involved entities, accountability of the trading process and traceability of the products. Therefore, there is a need of a reliable system that ensures traceability, trust and delivery mechanism in Agri-Food supply chain. In the proposed system, all transactions are written to blockchain which ultimately uploads the data to Interplanetary File Storage System (IPFS). The storage system returns a hash of the data which is stored on blockchain and ensures efficient, secure and reliable solution. Our system provides smart contracts along with their algorithms to show interaction of entities in the system. Furthermore, simulations and evaluation of smart contracts along with the security and vulnerability analyses are also presented in this work.

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Blockchain-Based Reputation System in Agri-Food Supply Chain

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Distributed Ledger Technology Applications in Food Supply Chains: A Review of Challenges and Future Research Directions

Distributed Ledger Technology Applications in Food Supply Chains: A Review of Challenges and Future Research Directions

Review of FSCM With Blockchain and Big Data Integration

Blockchain-Based Agri-Food Supply Chain: A Complete Solution

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