“…Blockchain essentially works as a transparent layer underneath the transactions associated with those technologies. Some of these potential areas of application for the industry are facilitating collaboration and trust among stakeholders, P2P commercial transactions, digital passports, proof of ownership and rights, supply chain traceability, smart contracts, tokenization of value and assets, accelerated planning and design processes, digital twins, decreased transactional and financial costs, proof of provenance, reduced human errors and improved IoT applications, formation of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), and easier/less costly insurance arrangements (Heiskanen, 2017;Kinnaird and Geipel, 2017;Turk and Klinc, 2017;Li et al, 2018a;2018b;Penzes, 2018;Qian and Papadonikolaki, 2019). Li et al (2019a) conducted a systematic literature review on conceptual models and practical use cases regarding blockchain and digital ledger solutions in the built environment, discretized in the areas of smart energy, smart cities/sharing economy, smart government, smart homes, intelligent transport, BIM in construction management, business models, and organizational structures.…”