Blood antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX), biochemical and haematological parameters in pigs naturally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Štukelj, Marina; Toplak, Ivan; Svete, Alenka Nemec

doi:10.2478/pjvs-2013-0049

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In wild boar, glutathione levels were not sensitive to senescence and TBARS had a curvilinear pattern in relation to age [ 19 ]. Similar inconclusive results have been obtained in domestic pigs infected by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus [ 59 ]. In this study, the age group (weaners, fatteners or finishers) influenced concentration of AE in infected animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Oxidative Stress in Wild Boars Naturally and Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

et al. 2016

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Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS-RNS) are important defence substances involved in the immune response against pathogens. An excessive increase in ROS-RNS, however, can damage the organism causing oxidative stress (OS). The organism is able to neutralise OS by the production of antioxidant enzymes (AE); hence, tissue damage is the result of an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant status. Though some work has been carried out in humans, there is a lack of information about the oxidant/antioxidant status in the presence of tuberculosis (TB) in wild reservoirs. In the Mediterranean Basin, wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the main reservoir of TB. Wild boar showing severe TB have an increased risk to Mycobacterium spp. shedding, leading to pathogen spreading and persistence. If OS is greater in these individuals, oxidant/antioxidant balance in TB-affected boars could be used as a biomarker of disease severity. The present work had a two-fold objective: i) to study the effects of bovine TB on different OS biomarkers (namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalasa (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in wild boar experimentally challenged with Mycobacterium bovis, and ii) to explore the role of body weight, sex, population and season in explaining the observed variability of OS indicators in two populations of free-ranging wild boar where TB is common. For the first objective, a partial least squares regression (PLSR) approach was used whereas, recursive partitioning with regression tree models (RTM) were applied for the second. A negative relationship between antioxidant enzymes and bovine TB (the more severe lesions, the lower the concentration of antioxidant biomarkers) was observed in experimentally infected animals. The final PLSR model retained the GPX, SOD and GR biomarkers and showed that 17.6% of the observed variability of antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with the PLSR X’s component represented by both disease status and the age of boars. In the samples from free-ranging wild boar, however, the environmental factors were more relevant to the observed variability of the OS biomarkers than the TB itself. For each OS biomarker, each RTM was defined as a maximum by one node due to the population effect. Along the same lines, the ad hoc tree regression on boars from the population with a higher prevalence of severe TB confirmed that disease status was not the main factor explaining the observed variability in OS biomarkers. It was concluded that oxidative damage caused by TB is significant, but can only be detected in the absence of environmental variation in wild boar.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Oxidative Stress in Wild Boars Naturally and Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

et al. 2016

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“…The oxidant/antioxidant imbalance has been reported in pathogenesis of enteric viral diseases like feline coronavirus, bovine herpesvirus‐1, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and rotavirus (De et al., ; Durgut, Ataseven, & Öztürk, ; Kayar et al., ; Stukelj, Toplak, & Nemec Svete, ). Recently, it has been observed that parvovirus infection is linked with oxidative stress, and marked enhancement of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and poor antioxidant reserve (Luo & Qiu, ; Nykky, Vuento, & Gilbert, ; Panda, Patra, Nandi, & Swarup, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of oxidative stress using N‐acetylcysteine in canine parvoviral enteritis

Gaykwad

Garkhal

Chethan

et al. 2017

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Previously, antioxidants have not been evaluated for treatment of parvoviral diarrhea in dogs. In this study, antioxidant potential of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in dogs infected with canine parvovirus with a nonblinded randomized clinical trial has been carried out. A total 18 parvo-infected dogs were randomly divided into two groups: nine parvo-infected dogs were treated with supportive treatment and nine parvo-infected dogs were treated with NAC along with supportive treatment. Simultaneously, nine healthy dogs were kept as healthy control. In parvo-infected dogs, marked hemoconcentration, leucopenia, neutropenia and oxidative stress were noticed compared to healthy dogs. The NAC treatment progressively improved the leukocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil counts over the time in parvovirus-infected dogs compared to dogs that received only supportive treatment. In addition, NAC treatment significantly improved glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and decreased nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations on day 3 and 5 compared to supportive treatment in parvo-infected dogs. However, supportive treatment alone failed to ameliorate oxidative stress in the infected dogs till day 5. The results of this study suggest that NAC represents a potential additional treatment option that could be considered to improve the health condition and minimize the duration of hospitalization in case of canine parvoviral diarrhea.

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“…A ROS accumulation results in oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA and consequently tissue injury, therefore the oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of many diseases. In pigs, oxidative stress has been linked to several diseases and clinical conditions such as experimental endotoxemia or septic shock [3], respiratory infections [4], porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRSS) [5], and skin disease [6]. ROS accumulation can also induce damage in the intestinal tissue, which can facilitate bacterial translocation and compromise the intestinal barrier integrity in pigs [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva in pigs: analytical validation and changes in lactation

et al. 2019

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Background Biomarkers of oxidative stress in pigs have been measured in serum/plasma samples. However, blood collection in pigs can be highly stressful to the animals. Saliva is a biological fluid with several advantages in pigs over blood, since it can be easily collected without stress to the animals, being therefore an ideal sample in this species. The objective of this study was the validation of assays for the evaluation of oxidative stress status in saliva of pigs. For this purpose, three assays commonly used to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC): trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)), one individual antioxidant (uric acid) and two assays to evaluate oxidant concentrations (advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )) were measured and validated in porcine saliva. In addition, the possible changes of these assays in sows’ saliva during lactation were be studied. Results The methods had intra- and inter-assays coefficient of variation lower than 15%. They also showed an adequate linearity and recovery, and their detection limits were low enough to detect the analytes in saliva of pigs. Overall the analytical validation tests showed that the assays used in our study are valid and reliable for the evaluation of oxidative stress in porcine saliva. In addition, it was observed that these salivary biomarkers can change in a situation of oxidative stress such as lactation in sows. Conclusions All assays for salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress evaluated in this study have demonstrated a high analytical accuracy and low imprecision. In addition, it has been observed that these biomarkers showed significant changes in a situation of oxidative stress such as lactation in sows. Therefore, this study opens a new possibility of using saliva as a non-invasive sample to evaluate oxidative stress in pigs.

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Blood antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX), biochemical and haematological parameters in pigs naturally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Oxidative Stress in Wild Boars Naturally and Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

Oxidative Stress in Wild Boars Naturally and Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

Amelioration of oxidative stress using N‐acetylcysteine in canine parvoviral enteritis

Biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva in pigs: analytical validation and changes in lactation

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