Blood-based biomarker in Parkinson’s disease: potential for future applications in clinical research and practice

Abstract

The clinical presentation of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is both complex and heterogeneous, and its precise classification often requires an intensive work-up. The differential diagnosis, assessment of disease progression, evaluation of therapeutic responses, or identification of PD subtypes frequently remains uncertain from a clinical point of view. Various tissue- and fluid-based biomarkers are currently being investigated to improve the description of PD. From a clinician's perspective, signatures from blood that are relatively easy to obtain would have great potential for use in clinical practice if they fulfill the necessary requirements as PD biomarker. In this review article, we summarize the knowledge on blood-based PD biomarkers and present both a researcher’s and a clinician’s perspective on recent developments and potential future applications.

Search for Molecular Biomarkers of Parkinson’s Disease. New Tissues and Methods

“…Serum NFL concentrations correlate with age (30,32,33) in PD and controls, but not in APS (32). They seem to be higher in more advanced PD patients compared to controls, while controversial data were obtained for early disease stages (6). Heterogeneous data were obtained with respect to association of blood NFL concentrations with motor impairment in PD, revealing both positive (30,34,35) and negative results (36) while consistent positive association between baseline blood NFL levels and negative cognitive outcome have been reported (30,36,37).…”

“…With respect to invasiveness of sample collection, blood represents the most suitable tissue. Since α-synuclein is also expressed in erythrocytes (26), conflicting data about the level of α-synuclein in blood of PD patients were obtained (6). Detection of exosomal α-synuclein or determination of α-synuclein oligomers as well as α-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 re presents possibilities to increase sensitivity and specificity of blood α-synuclein as a biomarker for PD (8).…”

“…In addition, some effort is devoted to the identification of biomarkers that would monitor the efficiency of treatment and/or would be indicative for personalised treatment (6).…”

[18F]FDG-PET zur Differenzialdiagnostik und Prognostik der neurodegenerativen Parkinson-Syndrome: Update 2022

“…ersetzen könnten (siehe z. B. vielversprechende Ergebnisse für die Tren-nung MSA vs. IPS [54] sowie eine aktuelle Übersichtsarbeit [55]).…”

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Regulated Chaperones as a Serum Biomarker Panel for Parkinson’s Disease

“…Unfortunately, these methods are costly and some involve the exposure of patients to radiation. Thus, there is an urgent need for a non-invasive and rapid diagnostic test for PD [ 3 ]. Blood-based biomarker(s) monitoring pathological processes associated with the disease are economic, minimally invasive, and easily accessible methods that are readily used by clinicians for the diagnosis of various other diseases.…”