2015
DOI: 10.1111/pim.12285
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Blood–brain barrier disruption during spontaneous canine visceral leishmaniasis

Abstract: SUMMARYVisceral leishmaniasis is a complex disease caused by Leishmania infantum, and in dogs, besides the classical symptoms, there are descriptions of inflammatory alterations in the brain. Brain inflammation is a strictly controlled process, and as the brain counts on the efficiency of the bloodbrain barrier (BBB), we aimed to assess BBB integrity in dogs with spontaneous visceral leishmaniasis. Therefore, we evaluated markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in brain tissue related to BBB disruption an… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Three of the 10 dogs (dog 3, dog 4 and dog 10) in our study had non‐suppurative CNS inflammation associated with a positive RT‐PCR assay for Leishmania DNA in the blood and CSF (Table ). CSF cytological findings are in agreement with a recent study (Melo et al ). In addition, in order to verify blood contamination of the CSF sample, results of RT‐PCR assay were analysed using a modified Link‐Tibbling index (Link & Tibbling ).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
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“…Three of the 10 dogs (dog 3, dog 4 and dog 10) in our study had non‐suppurative CNS inflammation associated with a positive RT‐PCR assay for Leishmania DNA in the blood and CSF (Table ). CSF cytological findings are in agreement with a recent study (Melo et al ). In addition, in order to verify blood contamination of the CSF sample, results of RT‐PCR assay were analysed using a modified Link‐Tibbling index (Link & Tibbling ).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Marked astrocyte and microglial activation in the brains of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis has been documented and a positive correlation between CD3+T‐lymphocytes and microglia activation has also been noted (Melo et al ). It has been supposed that the presence of anti‐Leishmania antibodies in the CNS can activate glial cells through microglia receptors in the Fc region of the immunoglobulin‐G (Rock et al , Melo et al ). After being activated, the microglia and astrocytes produce chemokines (Melo et al ) that promote leucocyte migration from the capillaries to nervous tissues, perpetuating the inflammatory stimuli (Strack et al ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Similarly, to previous reports, brain inflammation ranged from mild to intense in the present study (Viñuelas et al, 2001;Márquez et al, 2013;Melo et al, 2013;Grano et al, 2016;Gianuzzi et al, 2017;Oliveira et al, 2017). The presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells observed in the brains from the infected dogs in our study is probably related to blood-brain barrier breakdown (BBB), described previously during canine VL (Melo et al, 2015b), which could allow the entrance of cells and inflammatory mediators to the cerebral parenchyma, contributing to brain inflammation. Observation of neuroinflammation here confirms the brain as an affected organ during canine VL, even in the absence of whole parasite detection in H-E stained sections or of neurological clinical signs.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Infected dogs may present tetraplegy, generalised seizures, walking in circles, vestibular and cerebellar signs, myoclonia and motor incoordination (Font et al, 2004;Ikeda et al, 2007;José-López et al, 2012). Brain lesions have been described in some reports; the main findings related to canine visceral leishmaniasis were meningitis and choroiditis (Nieto et al, 1996;Viñuelas et al, 2001;Melo et al, , 2013Melo and Machado, 2011) and the deposition of antigens and immunoglobulins in the central nervous system (CNS) (Garcia-Alonso et al, 1996;Melo et al, 2015a). Multiple brain infarcts were also described in two infected dogs (José-López et al, 2012).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%