Blood-brain barrier permeability of Gualou Guizhi granules and neuroprotective effects in ischemia/reperfusion injury

Li, Huang; Ye, Miao; Zhang, Yuqin; Huang, Mingqing; Xu, Wei; Chu, Kedan; Chen, Lidian; Que, Jinhua

doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.3520

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, our recent study suggested that PF exerted stable and potent neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injury and protected against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cell apoptosis and neuronal loss (22). In a previous study of ours, we also found that PF was one of the compounds found in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of rats administerd PF after suffering cerebral ischemia injury (28). Thus, as a continuation, the aim of this study was to further investigate the neuroprotective effects of PF against glutamate-induced PC12 cellular cytotoxicity and to elucidate whether the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated pathway is involved in these neuroprotective effects.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Paeoniflorin exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced PC12 cellular cytotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis

Chen

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Paeoniflorin (PF) is an active ingredient of Radix Paeoniae, which is known to exert neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanims behind the neuroprotective effects of PF are not yet fully understood. The apoptosis of neurons plays an important role in the cerebral ischemia-induced cascade response. This study aimed to investigate neuroprotective effects of PF against glutamate-induced PC12 cellular cytotoxicity and to determine whether these effects are mediated via the inhibition of apoptosis in vitro and the activity of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins in PC12 cells. Exposure of the PC12 cells to glutamate induced cell morphological changes, significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis, with similar results being observed from the Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V/PI staining experiments. Glutamate also increased the lactate dehydrogenase release by the PC12 cells. However, treatment with PF prevented these effects. Furthermore, PF inhibited Bax and Bad expression and increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression; it also decreased the levels of downstream protein (caspase-3 and caspase-9). Collectively, our results indicate that PF protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity possibly through the inhibition of the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Paeoniflorin exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced PC12 cellular cytotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis

Chen

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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“…Stroke, with predominant clinical manifestations of ischemia of the brain and hemorrhagic injury, is a major cause of mortality worldwide ( Li et al, 2015 ). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a diffusion barrier that selectively blocks influx and efflux of most compounds between blood and brain ( Ballabh et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Pharmacological Activities Against Nddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Role of Liquiritigenin and Isoliquiritigenin From Radix Glycyrrhizae in Human Health and Disease Models

Mahesh

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

136

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The increasing lifespan in developed countries results in age-associated chronic diseases. Biological aging is a complex process associated with accumulated cellular damage by environmental or genetic factors with increasing age. Aging results in marked changes in brain structure and function. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases and disorders (NDDs) represent an ever-growing socioeconomic challenge and lead to an overall reduction in quality of life around the world. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are most common degenerative neurological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) in aging process. The low levels of acetylcholine and dopamine are major neuropathological feature of NDDs in addition to oxidative stress, intracellular calcium ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, ubiquitin-proteasome system impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Current treatments minimally influence these diseases and are ineffective in curing the multifunctional pathological mechanisms. Synthetic neuroprotective agents sometimes have negative reactions as an adverse effect in humans. Recently, numerous ethnobotanical studies have reported that herbal medicines for the treatment or prevention of NDDs are significantly better than synthetic drug treatment. Medicinal herbs have traditionally been used around the world for centuries. Radix Glycyrrhizae (RG) is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis or G. glabra or G. inflata from the Leguminosae/Fabaceae family. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine as a life enhancer, for the treatment of coughs and influenza, and for detoxification. Diverse chemical constituents from RG have reported including flavanones, chalcones, triterpenoid saponins, coumarines, and other glycosides. Among them, flavanone liquiritigenin (LG) and its precursor and isomer chalcone isoliquiritigenin (ILG) are the main bioactive constituents of RG. In the present review, we summarize evidence in the literature on the structure and phytochemical properties and pharmacological applications of LG and ILG in age-related diseases to establish new therapeutics to improve human health and lifespan.

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“…Importantly, some compounds have been demonstrated to pass the blood-brain barrier and to reach the brain tissue ( e.g . albiflorin, paeoniflorin and liquiritin), which may further explain the effect of FAEW on the central nervous system 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Chinese herbal formula Free and Easy Wanderer ameliorates oxidative stress through KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1 pathway

Hong

Cao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) gains a lot of attention due to high prevalence and strong psychological upset, but the etiology remains undefined and effective treatment is quite limited. Growing studies demonstrated the involvement of oxidative stress in various psychiatry diseases, suggesting anti-oxidation therapy might be a strategy for PTSD treatment. Free and Easy Wanderer (FAEW) is a poly-herbal drug clinically used in China for hundreds of years in the treatment of psychiatric disorder. We hypothesized that FAEW exerts clinical effects through the activity against oxidative stress with fluoxetine as antidepressant control drug. Our results revealed that FAEW significantly reduced both endogenous and H2O2-induced exogenous ROS levels in the human glioblastoma T98G and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. Transcriptome-wide microarray analysis indicated NRF2/HO-1 as the common target of FAEW and fluoxetine. Western blotting assay proved that the two drugs promoted NRF2 release from KEAP1 in the cytoplasm and translocation to the nuclei in a KEAP1-dependent manner, the expression of the protein HO-1 increased accordingly, suggesting the participation of KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1 pathway. The chemical constituents of FAEW (i.e. paeoniflorin, baicalin) bound to KEAP1 in silico, which hence might be the effective substances of FAEW. In conclusion, FAEW counteracted H2O2-induced oxidative stress through KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1 pathway.

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Blood-brain barrier permeability of Gualou Guizhi granules and neuroprotective effects in ischemia/reperfusion injury

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Paeoniflorin exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced PC12 cellular cytotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis

Paeoniflorin exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced PC12 cellular cytotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Role of Liquiritigenin and Isoliquiritigenin From Radix Glycyrrhizae in Human Health and Disease Models

The Chinese herbal formula Free and Easy Wanderer ameliorates oxidative stress through KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1 pathway

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