Blood chemistry of West African dwarf goats fed treated maize cob- and maize husk-based diets with mixture of microorganisms

Abstract

Background Twenty-four West African Dwarf (WAD) goats with average weight of 6.57 ± 0.56 kg were used in investigating the effect of microbial-treated maize cob and husk diets on blood profile. The goats were assigned to six dietary treatments replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Chopped maize cobs and husks were sterilized for 60 min to eliminate any form of contamination and then inoculated with mixture of 15 ml each of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Neurospora crassa and incubated anaerobically for 5 days and then air-dried. The treated maize cob and husk were incorporated in the diets at the rate of 0% (diet), 20% (diet B), 30% (diet C) [maize cob diets], and 0% (diet D), 20% (diet E), 30% (diet F) [maize husk diets], respectively. The animals were acclimatized for two weeks while the experimental period lasted for 56 days. A completely randomized design was adopted. Results The results showed that the dietary treatments significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the erythrocyte sedimentation rate which ranged from 0.50 to 1.00 mm/hr. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in the globulin (28.16 g/dl diet A—59.26 g/dl diet B), aspartate aminotransferase (48.00 u/l diet E—128. 25 u/l diet C) and alanine aminotransferase (8.20 u/l diet A—33.33 u/l diet D). Serum electrolytes values were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, microbial-treated maize cob and husk diets supported erythropoiesis did not induce any liver damage and the serum electrolytes of the animals were improved. Hence, microbial-treated maize cob and husk can be a suitable alternative feed source at 30% incorporation in a complete diet for WAD goats as adverse implications on the health of the animals was not observed.

Feed Intake and Reproductive Performance of Gravid Wad Does Fed Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum) Substituted with Mulberry Leaves (Morus Alba)

“…This observation could also be due to the increased need for nutrients by the foetus for rapid growth and development at this stage. This report corroborates with that of Ibhaze et al (2016). The increase in TDMI among goats at a later stage of pregnancy is in agreement with the reports of Rastogi et al (2003) and Shalu et al (1995) who attributed the increase to the changes in the fractional passage rate of digesta from the rumen by a decline in mean retention time of particulate matter as gestation progress.…”

“…The crude protein in this study was also higher than the values of 10 and 14% reported by Abdu et al (2012) and Okafor et al (2012) respectively, for optimum goat production. This implied that the diets were adequate to meet the protein requirement of the ruminant and provided effective rumen function (Ibhaze et al, 2016).…”

Intake, digestibility, growth performance and blood profile of rams fed sugarcane bagasse or rice husk treated with Trichoderma viride and effective microorganisms

“…However, all blood hematology results in this study were 9–15 × 10 6 /μl, 27–45%, 9–15 g/dl, 4–12 × 10 3 /μl, 28-40fl, 8–12pg and 31–34 g/dl for RBC, PCV, haemoglobin, WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC respectively, with in the normal physiological ranges reported for clinical healthy sheep ( Jackson and Cockcroft, 2002 ; Radostits et al., 2006 ). The reduction in red blood cell (RBC) counts observed in sheep fed diet containing by-products treated with Trichoderma viride was not below the normal RBC counts reported in healthy sheep, indicated that no haemolytic anaemia and depression of erythrogenesis ( Olafadehan, 2011 ; Ibhaze et al., 2021 ). Packed cell volume (PCV) concentrations below the normal range may indicate anaemia and poor protein quality in the diet ( Radostis et al., 2006 ).…”

“…Packed cell volume (PCV) concentrations below the normal range may indicate anaemia and poor protein quality in the diet ( Radostis et al., 2006 ). Nevertheless, the lower packed cell volume values obtained from the Trichoderma viride treatment by-products fed to the sheep were within the normal physiological range, indicating that the sheep were not anaemic ( Ibhaze et al., 2021 ). Furthermore, the blood haemoglobin concentrations observed in this study were within the normal physiological range, indicate that the sheep had sufficient blood pigment for proper oxygen transport, thus prevent microcytic and hypochromic anaemia caused by iron deficiency ( Olafadehan, 2011 ).…”

“…The normal values obtained in this study indicate that the animal immunity was not compromised by feed type or biological treatments. Normal values for mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and lack of effect of feed type and biological treatment explained that the sheep were not anaemic ( Olafadehan, 2011 ; Ibhaze et al., 2021 ).…”