Blood Coagulation on Titanium Dioxide Films with Various Crystal Structures on Titanium Implant Surfaces

Abstract

Background: Titanium (Ti) is one of the most popular implant materials, and its surface titanium dioxide (TiO2) provides good biocompatibility. The coagulation of blood on Ti implants plays a key role in wound healing and cell growth at the implant site; however, researchers have yet to fully elucidate the mechanism underlying this process on TiO2. Methods: This study examined the means by which blood coagulation was affected by the crystal structure of TiO2 thin films (thickness < 50 nm), including anatase, rutile, and mixed anatase/rutile. The films were characterized in terms of roughness using an atomic force microscope, thickness using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and crystal structure using transmission electron microscopy. The surface energy and dielectric constant of the surface films were measured using a contact angle goniometer and the parallel plate method, respectively. Blood coagulation properties (including clotting time, factor XII contact activation, fibrinogen adsorption, fibrin attachment, and platelet adhesion) were then assessed on the various test specimens. Results: All of the TiO2 films were similar in terms of surface roughness, thickness, and surface energy (hydrophilicity); however, the presence of rutile structures was associated with a higher dielectric constant, which induced the activation of factor XII, the formation of fibrin network, and platelet adhesion. Conclusions: This study provides detailed information related to the effects of TiO2 crystal structures on blood coagulation properties on Ti implant surfaces.

Hemocompatibility and Preangiogenic Attributes of SiBxCyNzOm Coatings for Biomedical Applications

“…Such interaction triggers platelet activation, leading to clot formation. 15,39,56 Upon activation, the platelets exhibit a spread or dendritic morphology, while they appear round in their dormant phase.…”

“…Among these proteins, fibrinogen, vWF, fibronectin, and vitronectin play a vital role in initiating the platelet adhesion through their interaction with the αIIbβ3 integrin receptors, also known as glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa), abundantly present on platelet surfaces. Such interaction triggers platelet activation, leading to clot formation. ,, Upon activation, the platelets exhibit a spread or dendritic morphology, while they appear round in their dormant phase.…”

The Gilded Clot: Review of Metal-Modulated Platelet Activation, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis

“…Thus, as with arsenic and tungsten, bismuth is most likely part of a unique hemostasis-modulating molecule but not a primary molecular cause of pro- or antihemostatic effects. Other situations involving metals and clotting function include the effects of ionizing radiation from metals such as uranium on coagulation [ 75 ], or the FXII-activating activity of metals such as titanium that are not in solution but are part of a biomaterial surface [ 76 ]. In summary, we identified metal salts most likely to influence platelet activity, coagulation, and fibrinolysis secondary to metal-protein interactions.…”

Preparation and properties of antibacterial biomaterial PAA/TiO2/Ag

“…In the antibacterial process, the normal structure of photocatalytic antimicrobials cannot be destroyed and the antibacterial effect will last for several years 11 . Silver‐titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) are a kind of photocatalytic antibacterial agent with stable properties, non‐toxic and harmless to the human body, and have been widely used in the field of medical materials 12–14 . However, the low availability of light limits its use in the antibacterial field 11 .…”

“…11 Silver-titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) are a kind of photocatalytic antibacterial agent with stable properties, non-toxic and harmless to the human body, and have been widely used in the field of medical materials. [12][13][14] However, the low availability of light limits its use in the antibacterial field. 11 Ag NPs exhibit a broad spectrum of antibacterial properties, and show low toxicity to human cells at low concentrations.…”