Blood compatibility of human amniotic membrane compared with heparin-coated ePTFE for vascular tissue engineering

Abstract

Amniotic membrane (AM), a placenta-derived natural biomaterial, has several characteristics which make it a potential substitute for blood vessels. However, there are no reports on the effects of the AM on blood components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood compatibility of the epithelial and mesenchymal surfaces of the amnion for potential use in vascular tissue engineering. The activation of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the clotting system, haemolysis and platelet adhesion were studied and the results were compared with heparin-coated expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) as a standard synthetic vascular graft. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), clotting time (CT) and haemolysis (%) tests showed that both the epithelial and mesenchymal sides of the AM are haemocompatible. Platelet aggregation and P-selectin production from the platelets showed that the epithelial surface of the AM has less induction of platelet activation than ePTFE. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that platelets in contact with ePTFE had a higher rate of adhesion than with the epithelial and mesenchymal surfaces of the AM. Moreover, the morphological distribution of the platelets showed that the majority of platelets were round, while a large number of cells on ePTFE were dendritic. These results suggest that the AM which contains epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells has appropriate haemocompatibility to be employed in vascular tissue engineering, especially as a vein substitute. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Polyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers for Manufacturing Polymeric Heart Valve Leaflets: In Vitro and In Vivo Results

“…The obtained data are consistent with the results of other studies on the impact of SIBS and Gore-tex TM on RBC hemolysis. The level of RBC hemolysis after contact with Gore-tex TM was also significantly lower than those for the positive control with 100% hemolysis [41,61]. The cationic polymerization method used to synthesize the block copolymer ensures the safety of the produced medical materials as it provides a high degree of monomer conversion.…”

Induction of antimicrobial peptides secretion by IL-1β enhances human amniotic membrane for regenerative medicine

“…The amniotic epithelial cells contain non-intestinal-type surface microvilli, intracytoplasmic lumina lined with microvilli, and intercellular junctions; and amniotic mesenchymal cells have rough endoplasmic reticulum profiles, lipid droplets, and well-developed foci of contractile filaments with dense bodies 3 . Furthermore, the extracellular matrix of amnion (which mostly secreted by amniotic epithelial and mesenchymal cells) in the basement membrane and compact layer contains collagen, laminin 1 , elastin, fibronectin, vitronectin, nidogen 4 , and hyaluronic acid 5 , which are important for using the AM as a natural scaffold in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 1 , 6 , 7 .…”

Biomaterial‐Induction of a Transplantable Angiosome

“…Given the overarching importance of being able to induce luminal sprouting from major blood vessels within a defined volume in order to sustain regenerating tissue volumes, surprisingly little has been published on interaction between biomaterials and major (milli‐scale) blood vessels. Most prior work has focused on blood‐material interactions to develop nonthrombosing artificial blood vessels . However some literature examines the effect of materials placed around blood vessels as external stents.…”