Blood compatibility of magnesium and its alloys

Feyerabend, Frank; Wendel, Hans-Peter; Mihailova, Boriana; Heidrich, Stefanie; Agha, Nezha Ahmad; Bismayer, U.; Willumeit‐Römer, Regine

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.029

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The standard electrode potential for Mg(s) ↔ Mg 2+ (aq) + 2e − reaction is very low (−2.37 V) [38], making Mg very reactive in aqueous solutions such as body fluids. Although there is a gap between in vitro and in vivo results regarding the corrosion mechanism of Mg [39], commonly for both in vitro and in vivo the oxide film formed on the surface of Mg is porous rather than dense, thus cannot effectively prevent direct contact between metallic Mg and solution, leading to the rapid degradation of Mg and its alloys. The reduction in the mechanical stability due to the stress corrosion cracking is the first negative consequence related to such high corrosion rate of Mg and its alloys, risking the adequate load shielding over the tissue regeneration duration, especially in load-bearing applications [13,40].…”

Section: Mg(oh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Metallic Wires in Dental and Orthopedic Applications: A Review

Asgari

Hang

Chang

et al. 2018

Metals

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Abstract:Owing to significant advantages of bioactivity and biodegradability, biodegradable metallic materials such as magnesium, iron, and zinc and their alloys have been widely studied over recent years. Metallic wires with superior tensile strength and proper ductility can be fabricated by a traditional metalworking process (drawing). Drawn biodegradable metallic wires are popular biodegradable materials, which are promising in different clinical applications such as orthopedic fixation, surgical staples, cardiovascular stents, and aneurysm occlusion. This paper presents recent advances associated with the application of biodegradable metallic wires used in dental and orthopedic fields. Furthermore, the effects of some parameters such as the surface modification, alloying elements, and fabrication process affecting the degradation rate as well as biocompatibility, bioactivity, and mechanical stability are reviewed in the most recent works pertaining to these materials. Finally, possible pathways for future studies regarding the production of more efficient biodegradable metallic wires in the regeneration of bone defects are also proposed.

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Section: Mg(oh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Metallic Wires in Dental and Orthopedic Applications: A Review

Asgari

Hang

Chang

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…These dynamic factors affect cell behavior, which is in contrast to the indirect culture system [62]. It is totally different from the natural dynamic bioenvironment in vivo [101], in which the stent is exposed to various organic [102] and inorganic [103] constituents, followed by a complex response of proteins, blood [104], cells [64] and tissue [46] and meanwhile the dynamic circulation system removes the degradation products and prevents a drift of local pH [101].…”

Section: Limitations Of Direct and Indirect Culture Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies indicated that extracts from Mg alloys have little or no effect on cell viability by utilizing the indirect culture assay [79,[105][106][107]. Similarly, it is obvious that the test system is static compared to in vivo condition as mentioned above [46,62,64,[101][102][103][104], that is, it cannot adapt to the changes in the environment of the degradable Mg-based stent as the human body does.…”

Section: Limitations Of Direct and Indirect Culture Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo cytocompatibility evaluation of biodegradable magnesium-based stents: a review

et al. 2018

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Biodegradable magnesium (Mg)-based vascular stents have been designed as temporary scaffolds to treat angiostenotic lesions for the maintenance of normal blood flow. Numerous studies have presented in vitro and in vivo tests for the evaluation of the safety and feasibility of Mg-based vascular stents and the related materials. Therein the cytocompatibility is a basic and important parameter in the evaluation system. In this review, we summarize the applications and limitations of in vitro evaluation methods including basic characterization methods and direct and indirect cytotoxicity tests. We discuss the influencing factors on cytotoxicity, such as surface roughness, preconditioning of sample surface, cell type for the biocompatibility evaluation in direct contact as well as conditions for the formation of extracts/ degradation products for indirect assays. Besides, we highlight the recent in vivo animal tests and clinical trials about Mgbased stents along with some associated results. The aim of this review is to provide a meaningful reference in the further developments and related evaluation methods of Mg-based stents.

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“…For example, absorbable Mg-based stents have been tested in various in vitro environments to evaluate their biosafety in vascular applications [3,4]. Meanwhile, they have been studied for several years in animal and clinical trials with encouraging results [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every medical device undergoes an interaction with the bioenvironment, in which its surface is exposed to organic [4] and inorganic [13] constituents, followed by a complex molecular, blood [3], cell [14] and tissue response [15]. Also, the fluid dynamics [16], gas supply and diffusion [4], pH [17] and temperature have impact on the degradation [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex vivo blood vessel bioreactor for analysis of the biodegradation of magnesium stent models with and without vessel wall integration

Wang

Liu

et al. 2017

Acta Biomaterialia

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Current in vitro models fail in predicting the degradation rate and mode of magnesium (Mg) stents in vivo. To overcome this, the microenvironment of the stent is simulated here in an ex vivo bioreactor with porcine aorta and circulating medium, and compared with standard static in vitro immersion and with in vivo rat aorta models. In ex vivo and in vivo conditions, pure Mg wires were exposed to the aortic lumen and inserted into the aortic wall to mimic early- and long-term implantation, respectively. Results showed that: 1) Degradation rates of Mg were similar for all the fluid diffusion conditions (in vitro static, aortic wall ex vivo and in vivo); however, Mg degradation under flow condition (i.e. in the lumen) in vivo was slower than ex vivo; 2) The corrosion mode in the samples can be mainly described as localized (in vitro), mixed localized and uniform (ex vivo), and uniform (in vivo); 3) Abundant degradation products (MgO/Mg(OH)2 and Ca/P) with gas bubbles accumulated around the localized degradation regions ex vivo, but a uniform and thin degradation product layer was found in vivo. It is concluded that the ex vivo vascular bioreactor provides an improved test setting for magnesium degradation between static immersion and animal experiments and highlights its promising role in bridging degradation behavior and biological response for vascular stent research.

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Blood compatibility of magnesium and its alloys

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

Biodegradable Metallic Wires in Dental and Orthopedic Applications: A Review

Biodegradable Metallic Wires in Dental and Orthopedic Applications: A Review

In vitro and in vivo cytocompatibility evaluation of biodegradable magnesium-based stents: a review

Ex vivo blood vessel bioreactor for analysis of the biodegradation of magnesium stent models with and without vessel wall integration

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