Blood compatible materials: state of the art

“…For example the spectral properties have been report of similar doped nanocrystals with resolutions of 1-5 nm, 18,19 although acquisition times have either been unreported or with dwell times much longer than sub-millisecond lifetime of many lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals. Alternatively, lifetime measurement techniques regardless of excitation method employ a scanning monchromator 20,21 or a selection of band-pass filters 22,23 to build spectral information only after many scans at the expense of spectral resolution or signal throughput. Gustavsson et al, for example, tested the fluorescence decay of a dimethylquaterphenyl solution in cyclohexane in 10 nm bands over a range of 70 nm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput 3-dimensional time-resolved spectroscopy: simultaneous characterisation of luminescence properties in spectral and temporal domains

2013

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Lanthanide luminescence is presented in full spectral and temporal detail by challenging the limits of low-light sensing and high-speed data acquisition. A robust system is demonstrated, capable of constructing high-resolution time-resolved spectra with high throughput processing. This work holds real value in advancing characterisation capability to decode interesting insights within lanthanide materials.By meeting the stringent requirements in lighting, telecommunication, electroluminescent devices, analytical sensors and bioimaging set-ups, the luminescence properties of lanthanide-doped materials have attracted significant research efforts both at the fundamental and applied levels.1 The unique luminescent properties of lanthanide materials offer sharp emission spectrum, large Stokes shifts, exceptionally long lifetime, and upconversion generation that stem from their ladder-like energy levels and sophisticated energy transfer processes. Traditional spectroscopic approaches of either luminescence spectra or lifetime decay rates at individual wavelengths are insufficient to understand the rich chemical physics. This deficiency as result of lacking of robust instrumentation development remains a major barrier for the field of material science and applications. 16 In the NaYF 4 :Yb/Er system, a network of closely spaced Yb ions sensitises with infrared radiation at a wavelength of 980 nm and couples via non-radiative resonance to neighbouring Er ions. In contrast with organic dye fluorophores, the Er ion has multiple excited states with remarkably long (subms) lifetimes, so that upconversion nanocrystals are able to stepwise absorb two or more near-infrared photons, and display blueshifted emission in the visible spectrum. Fundamental to fully understand the mechanisms behind upconversion process in Ln-doped nanocrystals, one must overcome the difficulties that result from multiple energy levels of the lanthanide material itself and the complicated photon relaxation process associated with multiple sensitised photons travelling within a network of thousands of interacting nano-scaled sensitisers and emitters, which together are influenced by the large surface-to-volume ratio common in nanoparticle science. 17 Practically, there are two major properties of the upconversion luminescence that provide opportunities for advanced bioimaging. 12 Firstly, in the spectral domain, narrow-bandwidth anti-Stokes-shifted emission allows efficient colour separation from the autofluorescence. The second advantage lies in a millionfold difference between the much longer lifetimes of upconversion nanocrystals and shorter endogenous fluorophores lifetimes that make up the autofluorescence background (y1 ms cf. y3 ns). Therefore an optical time-gated approach allows almost complete suppression of the autofluorescence and excitation background. From an application perspective, it becomes critical to characterise simultaneously the spectral and lifetime characteristics of Lndoped nanocrystals as a unifying picture. There have been ...

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“…[1][2][3][4] Polyethersulfone (PES) is one important polymeric material with high mechanical intensities, thermal stabilities, and chemical resistances. PES and PES-based membranes are widely used in the field of blood purification, owing to their good blood compatibility, and also in tissue engineering and artificial organs because of their good hemocompatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and cytocompatibility evaluation for blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane modified by a synthesized poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)-block -poly (acrylate-graft -poly(methyl methacrylate))-block -poly-(vinyl pyrrolidone)

Ran

Song

et al. 2015

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, one of the most important polymeric materials because of its good chemical resistance, thermal stability, mechanical, and film-forming properties, has already been used in hemodialysis, tissue engineering, and artificial organs. In order to improve the blood compatibility of PES membrane, many amphiphilic block copolymers have been synthesized and used as additives for surface modification. The object of this study is to develop a hydrophilic PES membrane by blending a comblike amphiphilic block copolymer poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)-block-poly [acrylate-graft-poly (methyl methacrylate)]-block-poly-(vinyl pyrrolidone) [PVP-b-P (AE-g-PMMA)-b-PVP] synthesized by RAFT polymerization. The cytocompatibility performance of PVP-b-P (AE-g-PMMA)-b-PVP modified PES membrane was evaluated, which showed better cytocompatibility compared with that of pristine PES membrane. Endothelial cells cultured on the modified membranes present improved growth in terms of scanning electron microscope observation, MTT assay, and confocal laser scanning microscope observation. These results indicate that the modified membrane has great potential application in blood-contact fields such as hemodialysis and bio-artificial liver supports.

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Blood compatible materials: state of the art

Abstract: Approaches to thromboresistant materials are discussed including passivation; incorporation and/or release of anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, thrombolytic agents; and mimicry of the vascular endothelium.

Cited by 307 publications

References 288 publications

A Comparison Between Different Properties of Bromoxynil and its Derivatives by DFT Method

A Comparison Between Different Properties of Bromoxynil and its Derivatives by DFT Method

High-throughput 3-dimensional time-resolved spectroscopy: simultaneous characterisation of luminescence properties in spectral and temporal domains

Fabrication and cytocompatibility evaluation for blood-compatible polyethersulfone membrane modified by a synthesized poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)-block -poly (acrylate-graft -poly(methyl methacrylate))-block -poly-(vinyl pyrrolidone)

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