Blood ethanol concentrations during and following constant‐rate intravenous infusion of alcohol

Abstract

Blood ethanol concentrations were determined in 7 subjects during and subsequent to a 2-hr constant-rate intravenous infusion of ethyl alcohol (8% v/v). Eight to 10 capillary blood samples were collected during the infusion and 10 to 21 samples were obtained after the infusion ceased. Thus, the total time course of blood ethanol concentrations in man was defined, both during and postinfusion. Blood ethanol concentration data from each of 6 subjects were fitted simultaneously to the two equations for the one-compartment open model with zero order input and Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. The average Vm[0.232 mg/(ml x hr)] and Km[0.0821 mg/ml] obtained fron these fittings correspond very closely with corresponding values estimated by the fitting of all the mean concentration-time data obtained following oral administration of 4 different doses of ethanol to 8 other fasting subjects in another study. A disproportionate increase in area under the concentration-time curve with increase in dose (gm/kg) was observed in a single subject who was infused with equal volumes of a 4% and an 8% (v/v) ethanol solution at the same constant rate.

Kinetics of ethanol metabolism in sheep

“…Mean V max and K m are similar to those found in man by Wilkinson et al (1976) and Bruno et al (1983). They are slightly lower than those found by Makar and Mannering (1970) (Pradhan and Hemken, 1970 (Hawkins and Kalant, 1972 (Durix et al, 1991).…”

Ethanol ‘dose‐dependent’ elimination: Michaelis‐Menten v classical kinetic analysis.

“…Their data points also fell above the highest points seen in Figure 3 Wilkinson et al, 1976 (Ritchie, 1975 Wilkinson et al, 1976;Wilkinson et al, 1977a, b) using Michaelis-Menten elimination from a one compartment open model, but was similar to that for a subset of subjects in Vestal's studies (Vestal et al, 1977). From the data of his first thirteen patients, whose ages were comparable to the subjects in our study, we calculated a median Vdss of 0.46 1/kg.…”

“…Vestal's value for Vmax using an identical computer model was inexplicably 40% less than ours. The 'Vmax' values reported by Wagner and Wilkinson are given in units customarily used for slope (0.23-0.29 mg ml-' h-') Wilkinson et al, 1976;Wilkinson et al, 1977). Their maximum elimination rate, the products of their 'Vmax' and Vd was 0.12 g kg-' h-' and resembled our Vmax value.…”

Effects of alcohol-metabolizing enzyme inhibitors and beta-lactam antibiotics on ethanol elimination in rats.

“…Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained in human subjects of various states. Km and Vm values were 0.06-0.11 mg/ml and 0.16-0.22 mg/ml/hr (0.0027-0.0037 mg/ ml/min), respectively (24,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). They were almost comparable with those found for the normal rats described in this paper, although the Vm value in rats were slightly higher ( Table 2).…”