Blood Glucose Profiles in Diabetic Rodents Using Different Insulin Preparations

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate several long-acting insulin preparations for their ability to normalize the blood glucose profile of rats and mice with streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus. The single injection of a long-acting zinc insulin (CAS 8049-62-5) suspension or insulin glargine (CAS 160337-95-1) in both species induced a steep to moderate fall in blood glucose concentration. Blood glucose was then normalized for 2-3 h, until 3 h after insulin injection blood glucose concentration tended towards levels before insulin application. In contrast, implants produced with a mixture of human insulin and palmitic acid micro-crystals normalized blood glucose profile over 24 h in both species at least 30 days after implantation. Therefore, these implants with a sustained release of insulin are suitable to control the blood glucose in diabetic rats and mice.

Characterization of the heterozygous glucokinase knockout mouse as a translational disease model for glucose control in type 2 diabetes

“…These are long‐acting versions of insulin designed to provide 24 h glucose lowering in man (Evans et al ., ). Insulin glargine has a much shorter pharmacodynamic profile in diabetic rodents (Schneider et al ., ), consistent with our observations that both insulins produce a maximal glucose‐lowering effect 1–2 h after injection, with a return to basal values within 6 h. The doses of insulin used in this study (1 unit·kg −1 ) are slightly higher than the typical dose range for man (∼0.2–0.8 units·kg −1 ; Swinnen et al ., ) to adjust for the differences in pharmacodynamic profile in rodents.…”

Empagliflozin, a novel potent and selective SGLT‐2 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control alone and in combination with insulin in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats, a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus

“…Two insulin preparations were used in the studies, either insulin glargine or insulin‐releasing implants, depending on the desired pharmacological effect. Insulin glargine is an extended‐action biosynthetic human insulin (Aventis Pharma, Bad Soden, Germany) that has been shown to reduce basal glucose in rodents [26]. Insulin‐containing implants (Linplant; Linshin, Scarborough, Canada) release a basal dose of insulin (2 IU/24 h/implant) for ≥40 days.…”

Short- and Longterm Glycemic Control of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Using Different Insulin Preparations

“…Different insulin preparations were used in the present studies, dependent on the desired pharmacological effect. First, insulin glargine which is an extended-action biosynthetic human insulin (Lantus ® ; Aventis Pharma, Bad Soden, Germany; product number 2F039A) that has been shown to reduce basal glucose in rodents [ 8 ] and second, insulin-releasing implants (Linplant ® ; Linshin, Scarborough, Canada; product number 4237) that release a basal dose of insulin (2 IU/24 hour/implant) for more than 40 days. The implants are formed from a mixture of human insulin and palmitic acid micro-crystals with a length of 7 mm and a diameter of 2 mm.…”

“…In T1DM patients, insulin glargine induces a constant concentration to time profile over 24 h without pronounced peaks, similar to the basal secretion of insulin. In rodents, insulin glargine has been shown to reduce blood glucose over a period of 2–3 h [ 8 ].…”