Blood haematology, muscle pH and serum cortisol changes in pigs with different levels of drip loss

Koomkrong, Nunyarat; Boonkaewwan, Chaiwat; Laenoi, Watchara; Kayan, Autchara

doi:10.5713/ajas.17.0037

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This can be connected with epinephrine-induced alterations within minutes following its release manifested by a temporary increase in white blood cells and with lymphocytosis and catecholamine-mediated glycogenolysis as a response to acute stressful conditions in pigs (Čobanović et al, 2017). In contrast, chronic stressful stimuli induce the anterior pituitary gland to produce adrenocorticotropic hormone, which stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids, resulting in the increased leukocyte count in conjunction with increased neutrophil and eosinophil count and decreased lymphocyte count, which can be seen several hours after their liberation (Koomkrong et al, 2017). Thus, a typical response to corticosteroids with increased number of white blood cells, neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, can be seen in pigs with severe carcass lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of carcass lesions and their effects on welfare, carcass composition and meat quality in slaughtered pigs

Čobanović

Suvajdžić

Vičić

et al. 2023

Annals of Animal Science

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The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of carcass lesions in slaughtered pigs and to quantify their relationships with different animal characteristics, pre-slaughter factors, blood measurements, performance indices, carcass composition and meat quality traits. Data was recorded for 30 journeys referring to 1080 market-weight pigs that originated from 15 commercial small-scale finishing farms. Carcass lesions were visually assessed on the slaughterline in different parts of the carcass, i.e., anterior, middle and posterior, using a three-point scale. Complete blood count was investigated. The following performance indices and carcass composition traits were measured: average lifetime daily weight gain, live, hot and cold carcass weights, cooler shrinkage, dressing percentage, backfat thickness and meatiness. Meat pH and temperature were measured 45 minutes postmortem. Of the 1080 pigs slaughtered in 30 batches, 70.28% displayed some degree of lesions on the carcass (moderate – 30.00%; severe – 40.28%). The carcass lesions were the most prevalent (50.20%) in the posterior part of the pig carcass. RYR1 genotype, live weight, loading density, lairage time, lairage density and slaughter season affected the carcass lesion prevalence. The presence of carcass lesions, irrespective of severity, was associated with alterations in blood measurements in slaughtered pigs, indicating compromised animal welfare. The presence of severe carcass lesions in slaughtered pigs was significantly associated with increased meat pH45min, which led to the highest occurrence of dark, firm and dry pork. In contrast, there was strong evidence of association between the presence of moderate carcass lesions in slaughtered pigs and both decreased meat pH45min and increased meat T45min, which led to the highest occurrence of pale, soft and exudative pork among the carcass lesion groups. In conclusion, this study showed a high prevalence of carcass lesions in slaughtered pigs, whereby the risk of their occurrence was affected by both animal characteristics and pre-slaughter conditions. Also, the presence of carcass lesions in slaughtered pigs, irrespective of severity, was significantly associated with alterations in the blood measurements and pork quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of carcass lesions and their effects on welfare, carcass composition and meat quality in slaughtered pigs

Čobanović

Suvajdžić

Vičić

et al. 2023

Annals of Animal Science

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“…Several studies suggest that levels of glucose and lactate can reflect stress ( 47 , 48 ), as the elevation of cortisol following stressful situations can cause an increase in glucose and lactate ( 32 ). Glucose concentrations decreased in 5 h after LPS injection, which is consistent with a previous study (Parois et al, under review).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Enrichment and Repeated Mixing on Resilience in Pigs

et al. 2022

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Resilience, the capacity of animals to be minimally affected by a disturbance or to rapidly bounce back to the state before the challenge, may be improved by enrichment, but negatively impacted by a high allostatic load from stressful management procedures in pigs. We investigated the combined effects of diverging environmental conditions from weaning and repeated mixing to create high allostatic load on resilience of pigs. Pigs were either exposed to barren housing conditions (B) from weaning onwards or provided with sawdust, extra toys, regular access to a “play arena” and daily positive human contact (E). Half of the pigs were exposed to repeated mixing (RM) and the other half to one mixing only at weaning (minimal mixing, MM). To assess their resilience, the response to and recovery from a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sickness challenge and a Frustration challenge were studied. In addition, potential long-term resilience indicators, i.e. natural antibodies, hair cortisol and growth were measured. Some indications of more favorable responses to the challenges in E pigs were found, such as lower serum reactive oxygen metabolite (dROM) concentrations and a smaller area under the curve of dROM after LPS injection. In the Frustration challenge, E pigs showed less standing alert, escape behaviors and other negative behaviors, a tendency for a smaller area under the curve of salivary cortisol and a lower plasma cortisol level at 1 h after the challenge. Aggression did not decrease over mixings in RM pigs and was higher in B pigs than in E pigs. Repeated mixing did not seem to reduce resilience. Contrary to expectations, RM pigs showed a higher relative growth than MM pigs during the experiment, especially in the week of the challenges. Barren RM pigs showed a lower plasma cortisol concentration than barren MM pigs after the LPS challenge, which may suggest that those RM pigs responded less detrimentally than MM pigs. Enriched RM pigs showed a higher level of IgM antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) than enriched MM and barren RM pigs, and RM pigs showed a sharper decline in IgG antibodies binding Bovine Serum Albumin (PC-BSA) over time than MM pigs. Hair cortisol concentrations were not affected by enrichment or mixing. To conclude, enrichment did not enhance the speed of recovery from challenges in pigs, although there were indications of reduced stress. Repeated as opposed to single mixing did not seem to aggravate the negative effects of barren housing on resilience and for some parameters even seemed to reduce the negative effects of barren housing.

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“…Several studies reported that the increase in cortisol level was associated with higher meat pH, darker meat color, lower drip loss, and higher occurrence of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) pork [13][14][15]. In contrast, other researchers reported that higher cortisol level was related to a faster muscle pH decline, lighter meat color, lower water holding capacity, bringing as a consequence the occurrence of PSE pork [7,16]. However, some authors stated that the cortisol concentration had no impact on the pork quality [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-invasive, quick, accurate, and reliable on-site prediction of pork quality would facilitate the distribution of whole carcasses or carcass cuts for fresh pork, different processing sectors (dry-cured ham or sausage production), or for meat branding (e.g., premium meat, meat products with protection of geographical indications, protected designations of origin, and guaranteed traditional specialty) according to their intrinsic characteristics and potential quality value. To date, several studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] have investigated physiological stress biomarkers as potential predictors of meat quality, as indicated previously. However, the high inconsistency of results reflects the complexity of meat quality traits, which are affected by multiple interacting factors, including genetic background, breeding, environmental factors, preslaughter conditions, as well as slaughtering procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Physiological Stress Biomarkers for Prediction of Pork Quality Variation

Čobanović

Stankovic²,

Dimitrijević

et al. 2020

Animals

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This study assessed the potential use of various physiological stress biomarkers as indicators of carcass and meat quality traits in 240 pigs subjected to the standard marketing conditions and minimal stressful antemortem handling using Pearson correlations. The most important pork quality traits (pH and temperature, water holding capacity, and color) had limited correlations with stress metabolites (lactate, glucose), stress hormones (cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone), stress enzymes (creatine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase), electrolytes (sodium, chloride), and acute-phase proteins (haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, albumin), indicating poor reliability in predicting pork quality. Albumin level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, and back fat thickness. Alanine amino transferase level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, and cold carcass weight. Cortisol level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, and back fat thickness, and moderately negatively correlated with the lean carcass content. Increased lactate dehydrogenase level was moderately correlated with decreased drip and cooking loss. In conclusion, lactate dehydrogenase could help pork producers predict pork quality variation, while cortisol, alanine amino transferase, and albumin could be useful in prediction of carcass quality.

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Blood haematology, muscle pH and serum cortisol changes in pigs with different levels of drip loss

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of carcass lesions and their effects on welfare, carcass composition and meat quality in slaughtered pigs

Prevalence of carcass lesions and their effects on welfare, carcass composition and meat quality in slaughtered pigs

Impact of Enrichment and Repeated Mixing on Resilience in Pigs

Identifying Physiological Stress Biomarkers for Prediction of Pork Quality Variation

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