Blood Hematological and Biochemical Constituents, Antioxidant Enzymes, Immunity and Lymphoid Organs of Broiler Chicks Supplemented with Propolis, Bee Pollen and Mannan Oligosaccharides Continuously or Intermittently

Abstract

This study investigate the effect of bee pollen (BP) and/or propolis (Pro) as an alternative to Mannan oligosaccharides (Bio-MOS, a hydrolyzed yeast with natural and artificial flavors Alltech Inc) when given continuously or intermittently on antioxidant enzymes, immunity, weight and morphology of lymphoid organs of broilers. Thus, 324 unsexed one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into nine treatment groups, each replicated 6 times of 6 birds per replicate. The chicks were kept in wire cages and fed the same basal diet and were submitted to the following treatments: control without supplementation (control) or supplemented with BP at 300 mg, Pro at 300 mg, BP+Pro at 300 mg each and Bio-MOS at 0.5 g/kg diet. Each supplemented group was subdivided into two subgroups in which the additives were supplied continuously or intermittently. In the continuously supplemented groups, supplementations were given from one till 36 days of age, and in the intermittently supplemented groups, the administration was only three days before, on the day of and day after vaccination. The BP and Pro supplied continuously or intermittently was equally potent for improving immunity, antioxidant enzymes similar to Bio-MOS. All supplements supplied either continuously or intermittently resulted a significantly higher thymus (P < .04) and bursa weights (P < .001) than the control group. Combining BP with Pro resulted in a further increase in thymus weights and small follicle diameter compared to the control group. In addition, thymus percentage in the group received BP+Pro showed a further increase compared to the control and Pro supplemented intermittently. Bio-MOS, when supplied continuously or intermittently, resulted in the greatest response in splenic lymphoblasts. Supplementation with either BP or Pro intermittently, is adequate to promote health and immune response of broiler chicks, with 40% saving of supplementation costs.

Bee pollen and propolis as dietary supplements for rabbit: Effect on reproductive performance of does and on immunological response of does and their offspring

“…In a recent review, Banu, Topal, and Kosoglu () identified the bee products as functional food, due their biological and functional effects and at both pollen and propolis attributed the biological effects of immunomodulators and immunoactivators as well as the functional effect of stimulating the immune defence. Hascik et al () and Attia et al () also observed the effect of bee pollen as an immune system stimulator in poultry. In addition, the propolis at 1 g/kg protected the Japanese quails from heat stress probably for an improved immunity status (lower H/L ratio and higher lymphocyte proliferation) as described by Mehaisen et al ().…”

“…The bee pollen alone or in combination with the propolis at 300 mg each also showed increased antibody response to SRBCs in the dams as well the immune defence. Hascik et al (2017) and Attia et al (2017) also observed the effect of bee pollen as an immune system stimulator in poultry. In addition, the propolis at 1 g/kg protected the Japanese quails from heat stress probably for an improved immunity status (lower H/L ratio and higher lymphocyte proliferation) as described by Mehaisen et al (2017).…”

Effect of Different Levels of Multienzymes on Immune Response, Blood Hematology and Biochemistry, Antioxidants Status and Organs Histology of Broiler Chicks Fed Standard and Low-Density Diets

“…Adding exogenous enzymes that hydrolyze the NSP of vegetable ingredients in the diets for monogastric enhances the energy availability and use of nutrients, and thus enhances feed conversion ratio (65). The increase in the release of nutrient due to enzyme supplementation resulted in higher nutrient available for absorption, as demonstrated by the increase in intestinal villi length, and thus for biochemical reaction in favor of anabolic reaction and muscle buildup (18) and for immune function as well (21,25). The use of LDD enhanced LTT and PA, indicating higher immunity.…”

“…For example, the TAC/MDA ratio (antioxidant balance) was significantly increased due to feeding enzyme-supplemented diet. This increase reflected the significant decrease in the antioxidants (TAC) for use in protection of cell from free radicals (7,25).…”

“…In literature, enzyme supplementation, particularly low-energy diets or feedstuffs containing high-fiber and/or antinutritional factors, was found to improve energy use for growth (12-18, 21, 23-26). On the other hand, immunity and antioxidant status and development of the inner organs may need more nutrients than those needs for growth and carcass quality and can perfectly reflect the nutritional status of animals (24,25). Thus, this study focuses on nutritional intervention between LDD and enzyme supplementation from the point of view of biochemistry, physiological and immunological responses, and antioxidant status and organs histology.…”