Blood lipids in athletes depending on the orientation of the training process

Abstract

Sports form the metabolic response caused by the body’s adaptation to increased physical stress, which leads to the restructuring of metabolism for energy and plastic maintenance of sport activities. The restructuring of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is caused primarily by the increasing energy request body, depending on type and intensity of sports activity. In this research blood serum lipids were studied depending on the orientation of the training process. A total of 108 athletes (men and women) aged 15 to 20 years of different sports qualification (I sports category, Candidate Master of Sports and Master of Sports) were examined, and a control group of 28 persons of the same age and gender. Depending of the direction of the training process there were isolated 3 groups: cyclical sport that develops mainly endurance (academic rowing); sports of complex nature (football, volleyball, handball and Nordic combined); and complex coordinated sports (artistic gymnastics). Were studied: total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic coefficient and triglycerides. The study was conducted in the preparatory period of the training cycle. The research had shown that the level of blood lipids depends on the orientation of training process and sports training. The most marked reduction of total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins has been observed both in men and women in cyclic kinds of sports, developing mainly stamina that indicates that intense exercise in athletes who train primarily for endurance, cause the connection of lipids to the processes of energy supply of muscle activity.