Blood meals from ‘dead-end’ vertebrate hosts enhance transmission potential of malaria-infected mosquitoes

Pathak, Ashutosh K.; Shiau, Justine C.; Freitas, Cury Rafael Sadock de; Kyle, Dennis E.

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100582

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…S1. Based on procedures described in detail previously [49, 50], 1500 adult, female An. stephensi were infected with P. berghei infected mice (0 days post-infection (dpi herein)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two cages were provided a low nutrition diet (1% dextrose), while the remaining two were offered the high nutrition diet (10% dextrose). At 6 dpi, 1 cage from each nutrient treatment were provided oviposition sites until 9 dpi [50]. The overall study lasted 27 days and employed a fully crossed design wherein the same starting population of P. berghei -infected mosquitoes were separated across four treatment groups: 1) oviposited mosquitoes with low nutrient availability (1% dextrose), 2) oviposited mosquitoes with high nutrient availability (10% dextrose), 3) non-oviposited mosquitoes with low nutrient availability and finally, 4) non-oviposited mosquitoes with high nutrient availability (Additional file 1: Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While vector mortality and EIP are well known higher order components of the vectorial capacity model [45, 46], sporozoite densities in the salivary glands are increasingly recognized as a critical fitness-conferring trait in the next vertebrate host [47]. Mosquito mortality was monitored daily in all 4 cages from day 1 post-infection [50]. To determine EIP and overall sporozoite prevalence [50], salivary glands from 15-20 mosquitoes from each group were checked for presence or absence of sporozoites at three-day intervals starting 9 dpi (i.e., days 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 27 post-infection).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While daily rates of mortality were recorded for all 4 treatments, starting 9 dpi and up to 27 dpi, the salivary glands of mosquitoes from each group were checked for the presence or absence of sporozoites as described previously [50]. Briefly, mosquitoes were aspirated directly into 70% ethanol (v/v) before salivary glands were dissected from the mosquito and transferred to a 3μl drop of PBS on a clean glass slide.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female An. stephensi mosquitoes were exposed to an infectious blood meal containing P. berghei [49, 50]. Vector survival, rates of sporozoite migration and densities were measured in mosquitoes that were (or not) allowed to oviposit, and whether this was affected by differences in nutritional availability (1% or 10% dextrose) [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oviposition status and sugar availability influence measures of transmission potential in malaria-infected mosquitoes

Shiau,

Garcia-Diaz,

Kyle

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background:Like other oviparous organisms, the gonotrophic cycle of mosquitoes is not complete until they have selected a suitable habitat to oviposit. In addition to the evolutionary constraints associated with selective oviposition behavior, the physiological demands relative to an organisms oviposition status also influences their nutrient requirement from the environment. Yet, studies that measure transmission potential (vectorial capacity or competence) of mosquito-borne parasites rarely consider if the rates of parasite replication and development could be influenced by these constraints resulting from whether mosquitoes have completed their gonotrophic cycle.Methods:Anopheles stephensimosquitoes were infected withPlasmodium bergheithe rodent analog of human malaria and maintained on 1% or 10% dextrose and either provided oviposition sites (oviposited herein) to complete their gonotrophic cycle or forced to retain eggs (non-oviposited). Transmission potential in the four groups was measured up to 27 days post-infection as 1) the rates of vector survival, 2) rates of sporozoite migration to the salivary glands (extrinsic incubation period or EIP), and 3), sporozoite densities.Results:In the two groups of oviposited mosquitoes, rates of sporozoite migration and densities in the salivary glands were clearly higher in mosquitoes fed 10% dextrose. In non-oviposited mosquitoes however, rates of sporozoite migration and densities were independent of sugar concentrations, although both measures were slightly lower than oviposited mosquitoes fed 10% dextrose. Rates of vector survival were higher in non-oviposited mosquitoes.Conclusions:Taken together, these results suggest vectorial capacity for malaria parasites may be dependent on nutrient availability and oviposition/gonotrophic status and as such, argue for more careful consideration of this interaction when estimating transmission potential; costs to parasite fitness and vector survival were buffered against changes in nutritional availability from the environment in non-oviposited mosquitoes, but not oviposited mosquitoes. In general, however, these patterns suggest parasite fitness may be dependent on complex interactions between physiological (nutrition) and evolutionary (egg-retention) trade-offs in the vector, with potential implications for disease transmission and management. For instance, while reducing availability of oviposition sites and environmental sources of nutrition are key components of integrated vector management strategies, their abundance and distribution is under strong selection pressure from the patterns associated with climate change.

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“…S1. Based on procedures described in detail previously [49, 50], 1500 adult, female An. stephensi were infected with P. berghei infected mice (0 days post-infection (dpi herein)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Oviposition status and sugar availability influence measures of transmission potential in malaria-infected mosquitoes

Shiau,

Garcia-Diaz,

Kyle

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The effects of human and rhesus macaque blood meal sources on mosquito reproduction and adult survival under laboratory conditions

Phasomkusolsil,

Tawong,

Monkanna

et al. 2023

Experimental Parasitology

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Impact of vertebrate host parasitaemia onPlasmodiumdevelopment within mosquitoes

Isaïa,

Baur,

Wassef

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: In vector-borne diseases, invertebrate hosts are exposed to highly variable quantities of parasites during their blood meal. This heterogeneity may partly explain the overdispersed distribution of parasites within the vector population, as well as the variability in the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of the parasite. Indeed, the quantity of parasites ingested is often considered as a good predictor of the quantity of parasites that will develop within the vectors, as well as the speed at which they will develop (EIP). However, density-dependent processes can strongly influence the relationship between parasite burden in the vertebrate host and in vectors, making this relationship not always clear. Methods: Here, we used the avian malaria system to investigate whether the proportion of red blood cells infected by sexual and/or asexual stages of malaria parasite influences the intensity of malaria infection and the EIP of Plasmodium within the invertebrate vectors. For this purpose, we have experimentally infected twelve vertebrate hosts in order to generate a range of intensity of infection. More than a thousand mosquitoes took a blood meal on these hosts and the development of Plasmodium within the vectors was followed for more than 20 days. Results: The main finding presented in this study reveals a negative relationship between the intensity of infection in the vertebrate host and the EIP. Four days were sufficient for 10% of infected mosquitoes fed on the most infected hosts to become infectious. However, the number of transmissible stages did not significantly vary according to the vertebrate host intensity of infection. Conclusion: While the quantity of ingested parasites had no impact on the density of transmissible stages in infectious mosquitoes, the EIP was affected. Studies have demonstrated that small changes in the EIP can have a significant effect on the number of mosquitoes living long enough to transmit parasites. Here, we observed a difference of 4-6 days in the detection of the first transmissible stages, depending on the intensity of infection of the bitten vertebrate host. Considering that a gonotrophic cycle lasts 3-4 days, the shortened EIP observed here may have significant effects on Plasmodium transmission. Keywords: Avian malaria, Plasmodium, Extrinsic Incubation Period, EIP, Transmission, Overdispersion

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Blood meals from ‘dead-end’ vertebrate hosts enhance transmission potential of malaria-infected mosquitoes

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Oviposition status and sugar availability influence measures of transmission potential in malaria-infected mosquitoes

Oviposition status and sugar availability influence measures of transmission potential in malaria-infected mosquitoes

The effects of human and rhesus macaque blood meal sources on mosquito reproduction and adult survival under laboratory conditions

Impact of vertebrate host parasitaemia onPlasmodiumdevelopment within mosquitoes

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