Blood oxygen saturation measurement by smartphone camera

Lamonaca, Francesco; Carnì, Domenico Luca; Grimaldi, D.; Nastro, A.; Riccio, Maria; Spagnolo, Vitaliano

doi:10.1109/memea.2015.7145228

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…15 where a setup consisting of two RGB cameras is proposed with dual wavelength illumination, and ref. 24 who claim to be able to measure oxygen saturation with a smartphone camera without calibration and independent of the hardware and skin characteristics. The desire for non-contact camera-based methods was first addressed by Kong et al 11,.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New principle for measuring arterial blood oxygenation, enabling motion-robust remote monitoring

Gastel

Stuijk

Haan

2016

Sci Rep

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Finger-oximeters are ubiquitously used for patient monitoring in hospitals worldwide. Recently, remote measurement of arterial blood oxygenation (SpO2) with a camera has been demonstrated. Both contact and remote measurements, however, require the subject to remain static for accurate SpO2 values. This is due to the use of the common ratio-of-ratios measurement principle that measures the relative pulsatility at different wavelengths. Since the amplitudes are small, they are easily corrupted by motion-induced variations. We introduce a new principle that allows accurate remote measurements even during significant subject motion. We demonstrate the main advantage of the principle, i.e. that the optimal signature remains the same even when the SNR of the PPG signal drops significantly due to motion or limited measurement area. The evaluation uses recordings with breath-holding events, which induce hypoxemia in healthy moving subjects. The events lead to clinically relevant SpO2 levels in the range 80–100%. The new principle is shown to greatly outperform current remote ratio-of-ratios based methods. The mean-absolute SpO2-error (MAE) is about 2 percentage-points during head movements, where the benchmark method shows a MAE of 24 percentage-points. Consequently, we claim ours to be the first method to reliably measure SpO2 remotely during significant subject motion.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

New principle for measuring arterial blood oxygenation, enabling motion-robust remote monitoring

Gastel

Stuijk

Haan

2016

Sci Rep

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“…Photoplethysmography wave profiles are used to assess SpO 2 . The results showed great similarity when compared with commercial methods(24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Remote and non-invasive monitoring of patients with COVID-19 by smartphone

Mazzu-Nascimento

Evangelista

Abubakar

et al. 2021

Sci Med

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The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) has led to more than two million deaths in the world by March 2021. The worldwide call to reduce transmission is enormous. Recently, there has been a rapid growth of telemedicine and the use of mobile health (mHealth) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Smartphone accessories such as a flashlight, camera, microphone, and microprocessor can measure different clinical parameters such as oxygen saturation, blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, fever, pulmonary auscultation, and even voice analysis. All these parameters are of great clinical importance when evaluating suspected patients of COVID-19 or monitoring infected patients admitted in various hospitals or in-home isolation. In remote medical care, the results of these parameters can be sent to a call center or a health unit for interpretation by a qualified health professional. Thus, the patient can receive orientations or be immediately referred for in-patient care. The application of machine learning and other artificial intelligence strategies assume a central role in signal processing and are gaining much space in the medical field. In this work, we present different approaches for evaluating clinical parameters that are valuable in the case of COVID-19 and we hope that soon all these parameters can be measured by a single smartphone application, facilitating remote clinical assessments.

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“…To avoid an invasive measurement directly from a blood sample, we have researched and developed a PPG-based estimation approach. Using the transmitted optical light from one side of the finger (quasi-periodic PPG signals) resulting from a beam of light emitted by an LED on the other side of the finger [23], one can monitor blood flow fluctuations in microvascular beds at peripheral body sites (i.e., in the finger). Then, using two different wavelengths, the SpO2 can be estimated from the two-channel PPG readings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current SpO2 technologies [23][24][25] usually utilize wired methods [32] that are inconvenient for mobile daily use. Studies that have employed wireless methods [19][20][21][22] have not explored critical design principles, including different model calibration methods, nonlinear versus linear models, and We recognize that anatomical differences among fingers may result in different contact conditions within the probe, which may induce artifact and outliers, as seen in Figure 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Implementation and Evaluation of a Mobile Continuous Blood Oxygen Saturation Monitoring System

Zhang

Arney

Goldman

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Objective: In this study, we built a mobile continuous Blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) monitor, and for the first time, explored key design principles towards daily applications. Methods: We firstly built a customized wearable computer that can sense two-channel photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals, and transmit the signals wirelessly to smartphone. Afterwards, we explored many SpO2 model building principles, focusing on linear/nonlinear models, different PPG parameter calculation methods, and different finger types. Moreover, we further compared PPG sensor placement principles by comparing different hand configurations and different finger configurations. Finally, a dataset collected from eleven human subjects was used to evaluate the mobile health monitor and explore all of the above design principles. Results: The experimental results show that the root mean square error of the SpO2 estimation is only 1.8, indicating the effectiveness of the system. Conclusion: These results indicate the effectiveness of the customized mobile SpO2 monitor and the selected design principles. Significance: This research is expected to facilitate the continuous SpO2 monitoring of patients with clinical indications.

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Blood oxygen saturation measurement by smartphone camera

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

New principle for measuring arterial blood oxygenation, enabling motion-robust remote monitoring

New principle for measuring arterial blood oxygenation, enabling motion-robust remote monitoring

Remote and non-invasive monitoring of patients with COVID-19 by smartphone

Design Implementation and Evaluation of a Mobile Continuous Blood Oxygen Saturation Monitoring System

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