Blood pool and liver enhancement in CT with liposomal lodixanol: Comparison with lohexol

Time-Course of Contrast Enhancement in Spleen and Liver with Exia 160, Fenestra LC, and VC

“…For Fenestra, the mice with the higher dose receive 10 mg I/20 g (500 mg I/kg) compared with 5 mg I/20 g in the lower dose. For Exia 160, the higher dose amounted to 16 mg I/20 g (800 mg I/kg) compared with 8 mg I/20 g. These iodine values are higher than in other contrast agents investigated in previous articles: liposomal iohexol (475 mg I/kg) [14], liposomal iodixanol (150 mg I/kg) [23], and MPEG-iodolysine micelles (170 mg I/kg) [24]. When comparing Exia 160 at a dose of 0.05 ml/20g (8 mg I/kg) to Fenestra at a dose of 0.2 ml/ 20 g (10 mg I/kg), which is 20% lower in iodine concentration, the peak contrast enhancement in the spleen provided by Exia 160 0.05 ml/20 g is similar to that of Fenestra VC 0.2 ml/20 g. However, this enhancement is less than Fenestra LC.…”

“…High levels of liver enhancement can therefore be achieved at a much lower total iodine level than with nonspecific media. The degree of liver enhancement depended on the amount of encapsulated iodine [23].…”

Liposomes Coloaded with Iopamidol/Lipiodol as a RES-Targeted Contrast Agent for Computed Tomography Imaging

“…Reverse-phase evaporation method was employed since it has been known to be able to trap large amounts of water-soluble materials. Despite the expected high encapsulation volumes of these liposomes, those obtained were loaded with very limited amounts of iopamidol, much lower than obtained previously (9,17). This may be related to the physicochemical nature of iopamidol, for example, its relative ease in leaking out of liposomes during preparation, compared with other iodinated compounds.…”

“…For example, iodixanol (9,17), iopromide (7,18,19), diatrizoate (20) and iomeprol (8) have been loaded into liposomes and used with (6,9) or without (7,8,(17)(18)(19) separation of free agents.…”

Nanoparticulate Contrast Agents for CT, SPECT and PET Imaging

“…First, researches were initiated with liposomes in micrometer particle sizes. [62][63][64][65][66] Longer blood circulation time can be achieved by decreasing particle sizes to nanometer sizes and altering surface properties such as PEG coating of liposomes which cause longer circulation property depending on lesser removal by macrophages of RES organs. This modification is defined as passive targeting of liposomes.…”