Blood Pressure and Its Relationship to Low Levels of Alcohol Consumption

Cooke, Kenneth M.; Frost, G. W.; Stokes, Gordon S.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1983.tb00188.x

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Some of these studies suggest a positive linear relationship with the level of alcohol intake, starting from zero consumption, after accounting for smoking and other confounders (Arkwright et al 1982;Cooke et al 1983). A large-scale prospective study found that women drinking 20-34 g alcohol/d had a relative risk of 1•4 compared with non-drinkers for having developed hypertension at 4-year follow-up, independent of smoking and dietary variables (Witteman et al 1990).…”

Section: Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol drinking and cardiac risk

Buemann¹,

Dyerberg²,

Astrup³

2002

NRR

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The present paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the impact of alcohol intake on cardiovascular disease. Both cross-sectional and prospective studies have disclosed a negative association between moderate intake of alcoholic beverages and cardiovascular disease. The relationship appears to be present for both wine, beer and spirits. Effects of alcohol itself and also the role of different cardioprotective substances in alcoholic beverages are discussed. Alcohol has been suggested to beneficially affect the blood lipid profile, as it increases plasma HDL-cholesterol level. Furthermore, it may inhibit thrombogenesis by reducing thromboxan formation and decreasing the plasma level of fibrinogen. However, high blood concentrations of alcohol may impair fibrinolysis by increasing plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level. This action could contribute to explaining the 'U'-shaped association between alcohol intake and cardiac events. Alcohol seems to promote abdominal fat distribution, but the importance of this effect in non-obese individuals is uncertain. Wine in particular, but also beer, contains polyphenols which act as antioxidants. Their action could maintain the integrity of the endothelial function by reducing the formation of superoxide. Moreover, these antioxidants may protect against LDL oxidation and modulate the macrophage attack on the endothelium. Although the cardio-protective effect of alcohol can hardly be addressed in healthy individuals by intervention studies with hard end points, there are many observational and experimental findings indicating that moderate alcohol drinking possesses properties preventive of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol drinking and cardiac risk

Buemann¹,

Dyerberg²,

Astrup³

2002

NRR

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“…Whether or not low to moderate levels of drinking are associated with elevated blood pressure is controversial. Some population cohort1–4 and cross-sectional studies5–8 reported a positive association between levels of alcohol consumption and blood pressure, even from the lowest levels of consumption 9–12. Other studies revealed a J-shaped or U-shaped alcohol-blood pressure association 13–15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking pattern and blood pressure among non-hypertensive current drinkers: findings from 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Fan

Li²,

Elam–Evans³

et al. 2013

CLEP

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Context and objectiveEpidemiological studies show the apparent link between excessive alcohol consumption and hypertension. However, the association between alcohol intake and blood pressure among non-hypertensive individuals is scarcely examined.MethodsThis analysis included participants in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who were aged 20 to 84 years without a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, hypertension or pregnancy, whose systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) was lower than 140/90 mmHg, who were not on antihypertensive medication, and who consumed 12 drinks or more during the past 12 months (N = 3957). Average drinking volume (average alcohol intake per day), usual drinking quantity (drinks per day when drinking) and frequency of binge drinking were used to predict SBP/DBP. Covariates included age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, smoking status, average physical activity level, and daily hours spent on TV/ video/computer.ResultsDrinking volume was directly associated with higher SBP in a linear dependent manner (an increment of 10 g of alcohol per day increased average SBP by 1 mmHg among both men and women). Drinking above the US Dietary Guidelines (men more than two drinks and women more than one drink per drinking day) was associated with higher SBP. Binge drinking was associated with both higher SBP and higher DBP. Average intake greater than two drinks per day was particularly associated with higher DBP among women (P = 0.0003).ConclusionThis analysis from a population-based survey indicates a direct association between higher alcohol consumption and a higher prevalence of prehypertension among non-hypertensive drinkers.

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“…On the other hand, the evidence that even a little alcohol will raise the blood pressure has become equally convincing (30,8,46), as seen in the report on 20,920 persons not receiving antihypertensive therapy screened at the Sydney, Australia Hospital (8). Blood pressures were progressively higher with increas ing alcohol consumption, and the relationship was even closer after statistical correction for age, obesity, and smoking.…”

Section: Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 65%

Dietary Aspects of the Treatment of Hypertension

Kaplan¹

1986

Annual Review of Public Health

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Hypertension may or may not be more common today than in the past, distant or recent. Regardless, it is the most prevalent risk factor for premature car diovascular disease, and, since cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States and all industrialized countries, hypertension can correctly be called our major public health problem (24).As seen in Figure 1, the total estimated hypertensive population in the United States now numbers some 30 million people. Though some would add another 20 or more million to this number by including all with diastolic levels between 90 and 95 mm Hg, as well as those between 85 and 90, I believe the criteria used in the NHANES study-systolic above 160 and/or diastolic above 95 mm Hg-are more appropriate, since as many as one third of those with diastolic readings above 95 mm Hg are below 90 mm Hg on repeated readings (25). I do not address further the issue about variability of the blood pressure. I raise the issue simply to remind all interested in Public Health that there is no benefit and a great deal of potential harm in the use of such loose criteria as to label and treat many who are not and never will be hypertensive.Beyond the number of hypertensives, the percentages given in Figure 1 on the number of hypertensives on therapy and under adequate control must disturb all who have been lulled into assuming that the war on hypertension has been won because of the marked fall in death rates for both heart attack and stroke that have occurred since 1968. Despite all of the efforts expended against it over the past 25 years, hypertension remains frequently untreated and infrequently well controlled..

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Blood Pressure and Its Relationship to Low Levels of Alcohol Consumption

Abstract: The association between average weekly alcohol consumption and blood pressure was studied in relation to age, adiposity and smoking in 13 535 men and 7385 women. There was a progressive increase in blood pressure with increasing alcohol consumption, even at low levels of consumption.

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Alcohol drinking and cardiac risk

Alcohol drinking and cardiac risk

Drinking pattern and blood pressure among non-hypertensive current drinkers: findings from 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Dietary Aspects of the Treatment of Hypertension

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Blood Pressure and Its Relationship to Low Levels of Alcohol Consumption

Abstract: The association between average weekly alcohol consumption and blood pressure was studied in relation to age, adiposity and smoking in 13 535 men and 7385 women. There was a progressive increase in blood pressure with increasing alcohol consumption, even at low levels of consumption.

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Alcohol drinking and cardiac risk

Alcohol drinking and cardiac risk

Drinking pattern and blood pressure among non-hypertensive current drinkers: findings from 1999&ndash;2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Dietary Aspects of the Treatment of Hypertension

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Drinking pattern and blood pressure among non-hypertensive current drinkers: findings from 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey