Blood sample collection in small laboratory animals

Parasuraman, Subramani; Raveendran, R; Ramasamy, Kesavan

doi:10.4103/0976-500x.72350

Cited by 775 publications

(465 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…on 8 th day, blood ($1.5 mL) was collected through retro-orbital plexus (Parasuraman et al 2010) from overnight fasted rats for the estimation of various biochemical parameters. The animals were sacrificed by deep ether anesthesia and the colon tissue, approx.…”

Section: Grouping and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effect of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats

Dey

Sharma

Wanjari

et al. 2016

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: The tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson (Araceae), commonly called Suran or Jimmikand, has high medicinal value and is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of different gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders. Objective: The present study evaluated the effects of extracts of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tubers on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar rats were orally administered methanol extract (APME) or aqueous extract (APAE) (250 and 500 mg/kg) or standard drug, prednisolone (PRDS) (4 mg/kg) for 7 days. On 6th day of treatment, UC was induced by transrectal instillation of 4% acetic acid (AA) and after 48 h colitis was assessed by measuring colitis parameters, biochemical estimations and histology of colon. Results: APME or APAE pretreatment significantly (p < .05-.001) prevented AA-induced reduction in body weight and increase in colitis parameters viz. stool consistency, colon weight/length ratio and ulcer score, area and index. Extracts treatment attenuated (p < .001) increase in alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and myeloperoxidase activity and cytokines in colon tissue due to AA administration. Extracts treatment prevented AA-induced elevation in lipid peroxidation and decline in activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced-glutathione content (p < .05-.001) along with histopathological alterations. PRDS also showed similar ameliorative effect on colitis. Discussion and conclusion: APME and APAE showed a preventive effect on UC, and ameliorated inflammation and oxidative damage in colon. The effects may be attributed to presence of phytochemicals, betulinic acid, b-sitosterol, and glucomannan. In conclusion, the tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius exhibited an anticolitic effect through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Grouping and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effect of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats

Dey

Sharma

Wanjari

et al. 2016

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…The most commonly used techniques in rats include tail vein, jugular vein, saphenous vein, retro-orbital, and cardiac puncture (26). In mice, tail clip, tail vein with a needle hub, saphenous vein, retro-orbital, and cardiac puncture are the most widely used (26,27). The practical aspects and ease of execution of these techniques vary, since some require the use of anesthesia and additional training and personnel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of tail clips and tail vein with a hub needle should be avoided to reduce contamination of samples with administered dose, especially in small rodents such as mice when drug/test compounds are administered IV via the tail vein. Although saphenous vein puncture bleeding has been demonstrated to be a useful and practical method for repeated sampling from mice and other rodents (25,26,29) its implementation has been very limited as it may require further optimization to enable the conduct of cross-over studies (29). This work combines an optimized microsampling technique with dried blood spot (DBS) collection and LC-MS/MS analysis as a most efficient and practical way of performing mouse PK studies in drug discovery and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood can be sampled from multiple sites using various methods and sampling sites that target both arteries and veins. The most commonly used techniques in rats include tail vein, jugular vein, saphenous vein, retro-orbital, and cardiac puncture (26). In mice, tail clip, tail vein with a needle hub, saphenous vein, retro-orbital, and cardiac puncture are the most widely used (26,27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple blood sampling techniques have been evaluated and suggested for sampling from small laboratory animals such as rats and mice (25,26). Blood can be sampled from multiple sites using various methods and sampling sites that target both arteries and veins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and Optimization of Blood Micro-Sampling Methods: Serial Sampling in a Cross-Over Design from an Individual Mouse

et al. 2016

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-Purpose: Current practices applied to mouse pharmacokinetic (PK) studies often use large numbers of animals with sporadic or composite sampling that inadequately describe PK profiles. The purpose of this work was to evaluate and optimize blood microsampling techniques coupled with dried blood spot (DBS) and LC-MS/MS analysis to generate reliable PK data in mice. In addition, the feasibility of cross-over designs was assessed and recommendations are presented. Methods: The work describes a comprehensive evaluation of five blood microsampling techniques (tail clip, tail vein with needle hub, submandibular, retro-orbital, and saphenous bleeding) in CD-1 mice. The feasibility of blood sampling was evaluated based on animal observations, ease of bleeding, and ability to collect serial samples. Methotrexate, gemfibrozil and glipizide were used as test compounds and were dosed either orally or intravenously, followed by DBS collection and LC-MS/MS analysis to compare PK with various bleeding methods. Results: Submandibular and retro-orbital methods that required non-serial blood collections did not allow for inter-animal variability assessments and resulted in poorly described absorption and distribution kinetics. The submandibular and tail vein with needle-hub methods were the least favorable from a technical feasibility perspective. Serial bleeding was possible with cannulated animals or saphenous bleeding in non-cannulated animals. Conclusions: Of the methods that allowed serial sampling, the saphenous method when executed as described in this report, was most practical, reproducible and provided for assessment of inter-animal variability. It enabled the collection of complete exposure profiles from a single mouse and the conduct of an intravenous/oral cross-over study design. This methodology can be used routinely, it promotes the 3Rs principles by achieving reductions in the number of animals used, decreased restraints and animal stress, and improved the quality of data obtained in mouse PK studies.

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“Drinking in the Dark” (DID): A Simple Mouse Model of Binge‐Like Alcohol Intake

Crabbe²,

2014

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One of the greatest challenges that scientists face when studying the neurobiology and/or genetics of alcohol (ethanol) consumption is that most pre-clinical animal models do not voluntarily consume enough ethanol to achieve pharmacologically meaningful blood ethanol concentrations (BECs). Recent rodent models have been developed that promote binge-like levels of ethanol consumption associated with high BECs (i.e., 100 mg/dl or higher). This paper describes procedures for an animal model of binge-like ethanol drinking which has come to be called "drinking in the dark" (DID). The "basic" variation of DID involves replacing the water bottle with a bottle containing 20% ethanol for 2 to 4 hours, beginning 3 hours into the dark cycle, on cages of singly-housed C57BL/6J mice. Using this procedure, mice typically consume enough ethanol to achieve BECs greater than 100 mg/dl and to exhibit behavioral evidence of intoxication. An alternative 2-bottle (ethanol and water) procedure is also described.

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Blood sample collection in small laboratory animals

Cited by 775 publications

References 5 publications

Beneficial effect of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats

Beneficial effect of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats

Evaluation and Optimization of Blood Micro-Sampling Methods: Serial Sampling in a Cross-Over Design from an Individual Mouse

“Drinking in the Dark” (DID): A Simple Mouse Model of Binge‐Like Alcohol Intake

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