Blood Tests for Alzheimer’s Disease: Increasing Efforts to Expand and Diversify Research Participation Is Critical for Widespread Validation and Acceptance

Karikari, Thomas K.

doi:10.3233/jad-215730

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…12 Biologically, studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers of AD in different ethnocultural populations have reported variable results, 6,9 but consistently find that biomarker cut-points established in predominantly non-Latinx White populations are not always generalizable to other ethnocultural populations. 13 Black Americans had lower levels of the AD pathological biomarkers and CSF phosphorylated and total tau compared to non-Latinx White Americans, despite similar cognition. 14 It is intriguing that these lower levels of AD biomarkers were observed only in carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 AD risk allele.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Improving generalizability and study design of Alzheimer's disease cohort studies in the United States by including under‐represented populations

Mindt

Okonkwo

Weiner

et al. 2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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The poor generalizability of clinical research data due to the enrollment of highly educated, non-Latinx White participants hampers the development of therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Black and Latinx older adults have a greater risk for dementia, yet it is unclear how health-care disparities and sociocultural factors influence potential AD therapies and prognosis. Low enrollment of under-represented populations may be attributable to several factors including greater exclusion due to higher rates of comorbidities, lower access to AD clinics, and the legacy of unethical treatment in medical research. This perspective outlines solutions tested in the Brain Health Registry (BHR) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Improving generalizability and study design of Alzheimer's disease cohort studies in the United States by including under‐represented populations

Mindt

Okonkwo

Weiner

et al. 2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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“…However, it is unknown if and how these multimorbidities affect biomarker accuracies. It is imperative to comprehensively evaluate effects of these and a wider spectrum of comorbidities in diverse populations round the world [61].…”

Section: Andandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders: ready for prime time?

Balogun

Zetterberg

Blennow

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Purpose of reviewSeveral plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) have demonstrated clinical and technical robustness. However, are they ready for clinical implementation? This review critically appraises current evidence for and against the immediate use of plasma biomarkers in clinical care. Recent findingsPlasma biomarkers have significantly improved our understanding of ADRD time-course, risk factors, diagnosis and prognosis. These advances are accelerating the development and in-human testing of therapeutic candidates, and the selection of individuals with subtle biological evidence of disease who fit the criteria for early therapeutic targeting. However, standardized tests and well validated cut-off values are lacking. Moreover, some assays (e.g., plasma Ab methods) have poor robustness to withstand inevitable day-to-day technical variations. Additionally, recent reports suggest that common comorbidities of aging (e.g., kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension) can erroneously affect plasma biomarker levels, clinical utility and generalizability. Furthermore, it is unclear if health disparities can explain reported racial/ethnic differences in biomarker levels and functions. Finally, current clinically approved plasma methods are more expensive than CSF assays, questioning their cost effectiveness.

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“…However, lumbar punctures may be perceived as invasive, particularly among underrepresented groups in AD research [7,8], while PET scans are expensive, involve exposure to low levels of radiation, and only available at specialized medical centers. Recent advances in the development of AD blood tests provide a simple and cost-effective way to detect AD pathology and have the potential to increase access of minoritized groups to AD biomarker testing [9]. Plasma Aβ42/40 measurement by mass spectrometry has been validated in archived samples from longitudinal observational research studies of AD [10][11][12][13][14][15], and is currently available for use in clinical diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and feasibility of an Alzheimer’s disease blood test study in a diverse community-based population

Li¹,

Li²,

Schindler³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood tests are likely to become increasingly important in clinical practice, but need to be evaluated in diverse groups before use in the general population. METHODS: This study enrolled a community-based sample of older adults in the Saint Louis, Missouri, USA area. Participants completed a blood draw, AD8® dementia screening interview, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and survey about their perceptions of the blood test. A subset of participants completed additional blood collection, amyloid PET, MRI, and Clinical Dementia Rating® (CDR). RESULTS: Of the 859 participants enrolled in this ongoing study, 20.6% self-identified as Black or African American. The AD8 and MoCA correlated moderately with the CDR. The blood test was well-accepted by the cohort, but perceived more positively by White and highly educated individuals. DISCUSSION: Studying an AD blood test in a diverse population is feasible, and may accelerate accurate diagnosis and implementation of effective treatments.

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Blood Tests for Alzheimer’s Disease: Increasing Efforts to Expand and Diversify Research Participation Is Critical for Widespread Validation and Acceptance

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

Improving generalizability and study design of Alzheimer's disease cohort studies in the United States by including under‐represented populations

Improving generalizability and study design of Alzheimer's disease cohort studies in the United States by including under‐represented populations

Plasma biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders: ready for prime time?

Design and feasibility of an Alzheimer’s disease blood test study in a diverse community-based population

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