Blood volume and its distribution in endotoxin shock

Chien, Sufan; Dellenback, RJ; Usami, Shunsuke; Treitel, K; Chang, Cheng-Chieh; Gregersen, MI

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1966.210.6.1411

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Chien et al (4) showed in the dog that endotoxaemia resulted in increased permeability for macromolecules, but also that lymph flow in the thoracic duct increased within minutes of endotoxin administration. Nevertheless, the increased rate of lymph flow could not completely compensate for albumin leak as in follow-up experiments total circulating plasma protein decreased after endotoxin (13). In rats, van Lambalgen et al (14) noted that tissue plasma clearance of RISA increased drastically in several tissues, following 10 mg kg-' of E. coli endotoxin, suggesting that our method should be adequate to demonstrate extravasation.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Intravenous endotoxin does not increase tissue extravasation of albumin in rats

Metcalf¹,

Sundqvist²,

Lisander³

1998

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Intravenous endotoxin does not increase tissue extravasation of albumin in rats

Metcalf¹,

Sundqvist²,

Lisander³

1998

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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“…Although decreased plasma volume has been demonstrated with induction of septic shock, the role that the spleen might play has been ignored. We determined therefore to investigate the effect of splenectomy on the changes in plasma volume and mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by infusion of LPS (8,10). We reasoned that if fluid extravasation from the splenic circulation does indeed contribute to the loss of fluid from the blood, splenectomy should reduce or prevent the hemoconcentration customarily observed after administration of LPS (7,34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid extravasation from spleen reduces blood volume in endotoxemia

Andrew

Deng

Kaufman

2000

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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We recently demonstrated that fluid is filtered out of the splenic circulation and into the lymphatic system. The current experiments were designed to investigate the importance of this route of fluid extravasation in endotoxemia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was infused into conscious intact and splenectomized rats (150 microg x kg(-1). h(-1) i.v. for 18 h). In the intact rats, mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell from 101+/-2.4 to 88+/-3.9 mm Hg (n = 7) and then stabilized at about 90 mm Hg. Hematocrit rose from 41+/-0.9 to 45+/-0.4% at 40 min, at which time plasma volume had fallen from 4.7+/-0.12 to 4.0+/-0.05 ml/100 g body wt. In the splenectomized rats MAP did not fall and hematocrit did not rise. There also was no change in plasma volume, i.e., splenectomy prevented the hypotension and hemoconcentration customarily induced by LPS. In a second series of experiments, splenic arterial and venous blood flows were simultaneously measured in anesthetized rats infused with LPS (150 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)). LPS increased splenic fluid efflux. We conclude that during endotoxemia the initial fall in circulating blood volume may be attributed to fluid extravasation from the splenic vasculature.

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“…To our knowledge, there are no studies concerning the effects of splenic denervation on the cardiovascular response to endotoxin in the rat or any other species. However, there are studies reporting that splenectomy (which we propose removes the pathway for intrasplenic fluid efflux from the intravascular compartment into the systemic lymphatic system) attenuates LPS-induced hemodynamic changes in both rats (3) and dogs (11,12). Consequently, we suggest that the significance of intrasplenic fluid efflux in the regulation of plasma volume during endotoxemia is not peculiar to the rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Splenic denervation worsens lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension, hemoconcentration, and hypovolemia

Andrew

Kaufman

2001

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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During lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia, increased intrasplenic fluid efflux contributes to a reduction in plasma volume. We hypothesized that splenic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA), which increases during endotoxemia, limits intrasplenic fluid efflux. We reasoned that splenic denervation would exaggerate LPS-induced intrasplenic fluid efflux and worsen the hypotension, hemoconcentration, and hypovolemia. A nonlethal dose of LPS (150 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1) for 18 h) was infused into conscious male rats bearing transit time flow probes on the splenic artery and vein. Fluid efflux was estimated from the difference in splenic arterial inflow and venous outflow (A-V). LPS significantly increased the (A-V) flow differential (fluid efflux) in intact rats (saline -0.01 +/- 0.02 ml/min, n = 8 vs. LPS +0.21 +/- 0.06 ml/min, n = 8); this was exaggerated in splenic denervated rats (saline -0.03 +/- 0.01 ml/min, n = 7 vs. LPS +0.41 +/- 0.08 ml/min, n = 8). Splenic denervation also exacerbated the LPS-induced hypotension, hemoconcentration, and hypovolemia (peak fall in mean arterial pressure: denervated 19 +/- 3 mmHg, n = 10 vs. intact 12 +/- 1 mmHg, n = 8; peak rise in hematocrit: denervated 6.7 +/- 0.3%, n = 8 vs. intact 5.0 +/- 0.3%, n = 8; decrease in plasma volume at 90-min post-LPS infusion: denervated 1.08 +/- 0.15 ml/100 g body wt, n = 7 vs. intact 0.54 +/- 0.08 ml/100 g body wt, n = 8). The exaggerated LPS-induced hypovolemia associated with splenic denervation was mirrored in the rise in plasma renin activity (90 min post-LPS: denervated 11.5 +/- 0.8 ng x ml(-1) x h(-1), n = 9 vs. intact 6.6 +/- 0.7 ng x ml(-1) x h(-1), n = 8). These results are consistent with our proposal that SSNA normally limits LPS-induced intrasplenic fluid efflux.

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Blood volume and its distribution in endotoxin shock

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Intravenous endotoxin does not increase tissue extravasation of albumin in rats

Intravenous endotoxin does not increase tissue extravasation of albumin in rats

Fluid extravasation from spleen reduces blood volume in endotoxemia

Splenic denervation worsens lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension, hemoconcentration, and hypovolemia

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