Blood Volume in Normal Infants and Children

Darrow, Dan C.; Soule, Herbert C.; Buckman, Thomas E.

doi:10.1172/jci100156

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Despite a considerable quantity of data on the plasma volume of humans at different ages, it is difficult to decide whether the plasma volume of the adult is significantly less than that of the newborn and young [4,6,19,20]. Thus, from the data available in the literature it was impossible to make firm conclusions on the relation between age, body weight, plasma volume, and hematocrit from birth to maturity for any single species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth in Beagles: Changes in Body Weight, Plasma Volume, and Venous Hematocrit

1971

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ExtractBody weight, plasma volume, and venous hematocrit of 12-to 18-hr-old beagles were 0.239 ± 0.009 kg, 52.5 ± 1.14 ml/kg, and 48.7 ± 1.72%, respectively. Overthenext 24 hr total plasma volume increased by 31 % and body weight by only 8%. During the 1-year period after birth the plasma volume (milliliters per kilogram) changed abruptly four times, and each change was followed by stable periods of varying length. The plasma volume decreased significantly between weeks 1 and 2, weeks 6 and 7, and months 3 and 4; and, finally, it increased significantly between months 5 and 6. The venous hematocrit declined during the first 6 weeks of life, then gradually increased up to month 6. Body weight, plasma volume, and venous hematocrit did not change significantly from months 6-12. Plasma volume (milliliters per kilogram) for 6-to 12-month-old beagles was 44.3, significantly less than that of the newborn. SpeculationThese data suggest the need to explore mechanisms concerned with the several abrupt changes in the plasma volume that occurred during growth of the beagle and in the mechanisms involved in the marked increase in plasma volume with no reduction in venous hematocrit on day 1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth in Beagles: Changes in Body Weight, Plasma Volume, and Venous Hematocrit

1971

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“…Both the distribution (5,10,14) and the extent (30, 31) of a volume load are known to influence the magnitude bf the diuretic response. Because both total body water and especiallv the extracellular fluid compartment are known to decrease with age relative to body weight (3,4,9), it seemed conceivable that the degree of expansion of these compartments may increase when a load of saline is calculated on the basis of body weight. In addition to the changes in total body water and extracellular fluid volumes, the ratio of plasma vo1ume:extracellular volume increases as a function of age (3,4,9,17,22).…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because both total body water and especiallv the extracellular fluid compartment are known to decrease with age relative to body weight (3,4,9), it seemed conceivable that the degree of expansion of these compartments may increase when a load of saline is calculated on the basis of body weight. In addition to the changes in total body water and extracellular fluid volumes, the ratio of plasma vo1ume:extracellular volume increases as a function of age (3,4,9,17,22). Thus, if the load is distributed in proportion to the relative sues of the extracellular fluid compartments, a lesser expansion of either the intravascular or interstitial fluid in the newborn, as compared to the adult, might account for the limited natriuresis in developing subjects.…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Intravascular Volume Expansion and Natriuresis in Developing Puppies

1982

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SummaryThe role played by the relative degree of expansion of the intravascular and extravascular compartments in limiting the natriuretic response of fluid-loaded developing animals was determined in I-, 2-, 3-and 6-wk-old puppies. Volume expansion was induced by infusing either isotonic saline, 10% body weight or isoncotic albumin in saline 5% body weight, and measurements of giomerular filtration rate, sodium excretion, fractional excretion of sodium, and plasma volume were made. Each expansion procedure resulted in an increase in the absolute excretion of sodium at all ages ( P < 0.001). The greatest natriuretic effect was observed in the 3-wk-old puppies, the average of the two solutions being 19, 30, 70, and 28 pEq/min/kg in the 1, 2, 3, and dwk-old animals, respectively. The difference in natriuresis among the age groups was due predominantly to differences in the magnitude of the increase fractional excretion of sodium. At all ages, a greater absolute excretion of sodium was encountered during volume expansion with saline than observed with albumin ( P < 605). The intravascular volume increased by a similar % at all ages (P > 0.1), and saline and albumin yielded equivalent degrees of intravascular expansion (approximately 50%). The results demonstrate that age-related changes in natriuretic response to volume expansion cannot be attributed to differences in either the degree of expansion or the distribution of the load. In addition, the observations indicate that the mechanism underlying the difference between the response to isotonic saline and isoncotic albumin in saline is already operative at birth, and that it is independent of nephron heterogeneity since the proportion of superficial nephrons must have changed during the period of nephrogenesis. SpeculationThe collecting duct, which is sensitive to both isotonic saline and isoncotic albumin, is likely to be responsible for the parallel development of the renal response to these two methods of intravascular volume expansion.It has been amply demonstrated that the excretory response to saline expansion is less in neonatal and developing animals than it is in mature subjects (1,7,12,13,16). Early investigators have suggested that the low glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which prevails during this period of development, limits the natriuresis elicited by volume expansion. This concept has been recently challenged. Our work (7) and that performed by others (12,13) have demonstrated that an avid reabsorption by the renal tubule rather than a low GFR is the main cause of the limited natriuresis observed in infancy. The mechanism responsible for the persistence of a high fractional reabsorption in developing animals, even under conditions of volume expansion, has not as yet been established. We reasoned that "immaturity" of the transport mechanism could not provide an adequate explanation for this phenomenon because reabsorption of sodium is a process that requires the expenditure of energy, and as such it might be expected to be less efficient in the dev...

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“…For these ratios we have tabulated the values in individual observations ( (18). The first point of difference may be ascribed to our use of the carbon monoxide method as contrasted with their use of the dye method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determination of the Circulating Blood Volume in Infants by the Carbon Monoxide Method

McIntosh¹

1929

J. Clin. Invest.

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Blood Volume in Normal Infants and Children

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

Growth in Beagles: Changes in Body Weight, Plasma Volume, and Venous Hematocrit

Growth in Beagles: Changes in Body Weight, Plasma Volume, and Venous Hematocrit

The Relationship between Intravascular Volume Expansion and Natriuresis in Developing Puppies

The Determination of the Circulating Blood Volume in Infants by the Carbon Monoxide Method

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