Bloodstream infections in HIV-infected patients

Taramasso, Lucia; Tatarelli, Paola; Biagio, Antonio Di

doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1158359

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Few studies addressed this topic in kidney transplant recipients, reporting a prevalence of bacteremia ranging from 25% to 69% [44,45]. Finally, few studies have addressed HIV and bacteremia, with prevalences ranging from 10% to 25%, depending on the pathogen and grade of immunosuppression [46,47]. The prevalence of bacteremia in our study was 5T-6% in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Prevalence and Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients

Pasquale

Sotgiu

Gramegna

et al. 2018

Clinical Infectious Diseases

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. The correct management of immunocompromised patients with pneumonia is debated. We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and characteristics of immunocompromised patients coming from the community with pneumonia.Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of an international, multicenter study enrolling adult patients coming from the community with pneumonia and hospitalized in 222 hospitals in 54 countries worldwide. Risk factors for immunocompromise included AIDS, aplastic anemia, asplenia, hematological cancer, chemotherapy, neutropenia, biological drug use, lung transplantation, chronic steroid use, and solid tumor.Results. At least 1 risk factor for immunocompromise was recorded in 18% of the 3702 patients enrolled. The prevalences of risk factors significantly differed across continents and countries, with chronic steroid use (45%), hematological cancer (25%), and chemotherapy (22%) the most common. Among immunocompromised patients, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) pathogens were the most frequently identified, and prevalences did not differ from those in immunocompetent patients. Risk factors for immunocompromise were independently associated with neither Pseudomonas aeruginosa nor non-community-acquired bacteria. Specific risk factors were independently associated with fungal infections (odds ratio for AIDS and hematological cancer, 15.10 and 4.65, respectively; both P = .001), mycobacterial infections (AIDS; P = .006), and viral infections other than influenza (hematological cancer, 5.49; P < .001).Conclusions. Our findings could be considered by clinicians in prescribing empiric antibiotic therapy for CAP in immunocompromised patients. Patients with AIDS and hematological cancer admitted with CAP may have higher prevalences of fungi, mycobacteria, and noninfluenza viruses.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Prevalence and Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients

Pasquale

Sotgiu

Gramegna

et al. 2018

Clinical Infectious Diseases

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the increasing in cryptococcosis and encephalopathy, observed in our study, are a distinctive condition of a late presentation of HIV [ 33 – 35 ]. After many years since the beginning of the HIV epidemics, still 15–38% of patients with HIV infection continue to be diagnosed late.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

How has the cost of antiretroviral therapy changed over the years? A database analysis in Italy

Taramasso

Demma

Bitonti

et al. 2018

BMC Health Serv Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related hospitalizations has decreased worldwide in recent years, due to the availability of combined antiretroviral therapies (cART). The present analysis aimed to analyse the economic, and clinical burden of HIV management, after the introduction of systematic use of cART.MethodsData from HIV-infected patients, treated at Policlinico San Martino Hospital in Genova (Italy) were retrospectively collected. A comparison between years 2009 and 2015 was performed. HIV-related admissions were identified by using the Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) codes. The resource consumption of outpatient services was derived by using a modelling approach. Expenditure for drugs was also analysed, as aggregate data.ResultsThe number of HIV-infected patients was 898 in 2009 and 1006 in 2015. Overall, the virological success rate improved from 2009 to 2015, as the percentage of patients with HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL increased from 79 to 89% (P < 0.05). The average incidence of hospitalizations per-patient decreased from 0.30 in 2009, to 0.13 in 2015. Average expenditure per-patient decreased from €10,107 in 2009 to €9063 in 2015.ConclusionsThe present analysis confirmed the role of cART in controlling HIV viral load and, consequently, in reducing hospitalizations, admissions to day-hospital and the use of outpatient services.Clinical improvements and economic savings more than compensated the investments required to treat HIV-infected patients with cART. Health Authorities should invest in modern cART supply and universal treatment, to use at best the available resources and obtain a cost-effective improvement of health in people living with HIV. Additional research, with the involvement of different centers and the use of patient-specific data, are recommended to consolidate the findings of this analysis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3507-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Sepsis accounts for a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. [62][63][64] The prevalence of the co-occurrence of sepsis due to bacterial agents and HIV/AIDS in Iranian patients was 9.1%, which is lower than those reported by Silva et al (36.1%) 62 , Moreira et al (11.4%) 63 , Alebachew et al (31%) 64 , and Taramasso et al (70%) 65 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Bacterial Co-infections in HIV/AIDS-positive Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Bacterial infections are the most common complications in people with HIV/AIDS. There has been no previous report on the prevalence of bacterial co-infections in Iranian HIV/AIDS-positive subjects. Aim: To evaluate the frequency of bacterial infections in hospitalized HIV/AIDS-infected patients in Iran. Materials and methods: Based on PRISMA guidelines, a computerized search in related data banks using relevant keywords was performed in both Persian and English languages for articles that were published until March 10, 2017. A total of 1118 original articles were systematically reviewed to identify eligible studies on the prevalence of bacterial co-infections in HIV/AIDS-infected patients from Iran. After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, we extracted data from 28 eligible articles for the meta-analysis. Results: The overall bacterial infection rate among Iranian HIV/AIDS-positive individuals was estimated to be 48.6%. Gastrointestinal disorders (59.5%) were the most frequent bacterial infections in this group of patients followed by bacterial lymphadenopathy (38.9%), TB infection (38.2%), bacterial pneumonia (31.2%), brucellosis (26.3%), skin infections (13.3%) and sexually transmitted infections (9.7%). The prevalence of other bacterial infections including endocarditis, sepsis and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were 10%, 9.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of a wide spectrum of bacterial co-infections, especially endemic infections, in Iranian HIV/AIDS-infected patients, is alarming and calls for urgent need to improve the currently applied diagnostic and preventive methods. In addition, timely treatment of these infections is pivotal to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates in HIV/AIDS-infected patients.

show abstract

Bloodstream infections in HIV-infected patients

Cited by 43 publications

References 73 publications

Prevalence and Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients

Prevalence and Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients

How has the cost of antiretroviral therapy changed over the years? A database analysis in Italy

Bacterial Co-infections in HIV/AIDS-positive Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About