Blue Growth Potential to Mitigate Climate Change through Seaweed Offsetting

Froehlich, Halley E.; Afflerbach, Jamie C.; Frazier, Melanie; Halpern, Benjamin S.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.041

Cited by 218 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…As humanity further ventures into the Anthropocene, brown algae are becoming key players in ocean-based strategies for combating climate change given their role in sequestering carbon (Krause-Jensen and Duarte 2016; Krause-Jensen et al, 2018;Hoegh-Guldberg et al, 2019). A new frontier of "charismatic carbon" in the form of seaweed farming could regionally offset carbon emissions from agriculture and provide additional benefits by restoring coastal habitats and alleviating ocean acidity (Froehlich et al, 2019). Altogether, the ecosystem services provided by brown algal forests are conservatively estimated to value USD $500,000-1,000,000 per year per km of coastline (Filbee-Dexter and .…”

Section: The Nature and Origin Of Brown Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Brown Algae

Bringloe

Starko

Wade

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

132

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The brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are a group of multicellular heterokonts that are ubiquitous in today's oceans. Large brown algae from multiple orders are the foundation to temperate coastal ecosystems globally, a role that extends into arctic and tropical regions, providing services indirectly through increased coastal productivity and habitat provisioning, and directly as a source of food and commercially important extracts. Recent multi-locus and genome-scale analyses have revolutionized our understanding of the brown algal phylogeny, providing a robust framework to test evolutionary hypotheses and interpret genomic variation across diverse brown algal lineages. Here, we review recent developments in our understanding of brown algal evolution based on modern advances in phylogenetics and functional genomics. We begin by summarizing modern phylogenetic hypotheses, illuminating the timescales over which the various brown algal orders diversified. We then discuss key insights on our understanding of brown algal life cycle variation and sexual reproduction systems derived from modern genomic techniques. We also review brown algal speciation mechanisms and the associated biogeographic patterns that have emerged globally. We conclude our review by discussing promising avenues for future research opened by genomic datasets, directions that are expected to reveal critical insights into brown algal evolution in past, present, and future oceans.

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Section: The Nature and Origin Of Brown Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Brown Algae

Bringloe

Starko

Wade

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

132

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“…The seaweed industry also supports regional economic resilience and improves the living standards for middleincome communities (Neish et al 2017;Marino et al 2019). Ecologically, seaweed farms can also provide ecosystem services, such as carbon capture, primary production and provision of additional habitats (Sondak et al 2017;Hasselstrom et al 2018;Froehlich et al 2019). Therefore, the potential for growth in the seaweed industry has been recognized in a recent policy road map produced by MMAF through Ministerial Regulation 2015, which aimed to enhance cultivation and processing in 2014-2019.…”

Section: Unspecific Allocation Of Seaweed Aquaculture In Biosecurity mentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the current status and future of biosecurity frameworks for the Indonesian seaweed industry

et al. 2020

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Indonesia is the world largest producer of the red seaweeds Kappaphycus and Eucheuma; however, this country is facing significant challenges such as disease outbreaks, epiphyte infestations and a loss in seedling quality. Biosecurity practices have been widely adopted in other aquaculture sectors and when enforced can help to limit the introduction and spread of diseases and pests. To assess current capacity for biosecurity in seaweed aquaculture in Indonesia, a systematic analysis of policy frameworks including legislation, regulatory tools, and national standards was conducted. Biosecurity themes and risks were used to evaluate current national biosecurity content. The results identified major challenges faced by the industry in order to implement biosecurity policies in practice. Barriers to implementation included unspecific reference to the seaweed aquaculture sector, limited variety of approaches to biosecurity, limited use of up-to-date scientific evidence, insufficient guidance for the use of precaution and insufficient inclusion of specific biosecurity hazards. In general, although national regulations are currently under revision, current policies indicate a lack of clarity where biosecurity is included. Six recommendations are suggested to incorporate proactive biosecurity actions into current frameworks, with the aim of improving the health and sustainability of the seaweed aquaculture sector in Indonesia.

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“…The potential for seaweed farming to act as a meaningful carbon offset depends upon the fate of the cultured biomass: whether it will be exported to the deep sea or respired during other uses. In either application, seaweed farming can provide localized positive effects through mitigation of ocean acidification, hypoxia, or eutrophication (Froehlich, Afflerbach, Frazier, & Halpern 2019). Properly executed aquaculture, paired with sustainable capture fisheries, has the potential to increase food security, sequester CO 2 , decrease the carbon footprint of protein sources, and stimulate economic activity in both coastal and inland communities (Froehlich et al 2018;Gaines et al 2018).…”

Section: Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating oceans into climate policy: Any green new deal needs a splash of blue

Dundas

Levine

Lewison

et al. 2020

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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Recent warnings from scientists suggest there is limited time to enact policies to avert wide-ranging ecological and social damage from climate change. In the United States, discussions about comprehensive national policies to avert climate change have begun, with "Green New Deal" proposals and climate plans put forth by members of Congress and presidential candidates. Oceans are largely absent or separate from these nascent policy proposals. Here, we highlight a policy framework to develop terrestrial and ocean-integrated policies that can complement and enhance terrestrialfocused initiatives focused on four specific sectors: 1) energy; 2) transportation; 3) food security; and 4) habitat restoration. Given political friction and constrained budgets, an integrated policy framework offers greater potential to achieve a portfolio of This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Blue Growth Potential to Mitigate Climate Change through Seaweed Offsetting

Cited by 218 publications

References 53 publications

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Brown Algae

Phylogeny and Evolution of the Brown Algae

An analysis of the current status and future of biosecurity frameworks for the Indonesian seaweed industry

Integrating oceans into climate policy: Any green new deal needs a splash of blue

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