Blue Water Footprint and Grey Water Footprint Assessment of Block-Printed Batik-Making Process Coloured by Indigo (Indigofera sp.), Tingi (Ceriops sp.) and Mahogany (Swietenia sp.) Dyes

Widianarko, Budi; Handayani, Widhi; Pratiwi, Alberta Rika

doi:10.3233/ajw210037

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The value of the grey water footprint is greater than the blue water footprint. A high COD level will result in a greater GWF, which indicates that a larger volume of water will be required to dilute the pollutant [24]. According to the study's findings, batik manufacturers need to be made more aware of the need to conserve water and properly handle wastewater in order to maintain environmental requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water footprint of batik-making process: a case study on small enterprise in Laweyan, Surakarta City, Indonesia

Kinanthi,

Erliza,

Rosmeika

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Currently, water is a product of economic value because groundwater scarcity is starting to occur everywhere. Improving water quality and efficiency is one of the targets in the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Generally, the batik-making process by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) uses groundwater in the process. It will cause negative environmental impacts. This research examines the water footprint of batik-making SMEs in Laweyan, Surakarta City, Indonesia, which use combination methods and synthetic dyes. Direct groundwater use for making batik cloth resulted a blue water footprint of 1.38 L/m2. Simultaneously, the grey water footprint is calculated by calculating the water needed to dilute COD from production, resulting in a value of 14.60 L/m2. The results showed that the water footprint of the batik-making process requires 15.94 L/m2 of water. The 1st washing requires more water than the other production stages. Reducing the water footprint in the batik industry can be done through proper management of water resources so that not only conserves water for humans and the ecosystem but also preserves batik as a cultural heritage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water footprint of batik-making process: a case study on small enterprise in Laweyan, Surakarta City, Indonesia

Kinanthi,

Erliza,

Rosmeika

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…These batik-making processes mostly utilize clean and not-so-clean water; the water utilization quantity for batik production is related to the wastewater (Handayani et al 2021). The water used in batik production created an environmental problem (Widianarko et al 2021). Batik production is part of the textile industry that is the major contributor to environmental water contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryo and larvae development of Nilem Fish, Osteochilus vittatus reared in batik liquid waste

NUGRAHESTHI,

WIJAYANTI,

HABIBAH

2023

Nusantara Biosci

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Abstract. Nugrahesthi GH, Wijayanti GE, Habibah AN. 2023. Embryo and larvae development of Nilem Fish, Osteochilus vittatus reared in batik liquid waste. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 105-112. The embryonic and larval stages are critical phases of an organism's development. For aquatic organisms, development is affected by environmental factors such as liquid waste. A batik liquid waste is a waste product of the textile industry usually streamed directly into the aquatic environment. This study aimed to observe the effects of exposure to batik liquid waste effects on developing Nilem (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) fish embryos and larvae. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design. One hundred two-celled embryos were kept in batik liquid waste with dilution concentrations of 0% (the control), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of water until the age of 4 days after hatching with five replications. The time of embryo evaluation was 60th minutes, 120th minutes, and 180th minutes after fertilization; the larval stage evaluation time was the 24th, 48th, 72nd, and 96th hour after fertilization; five embryos were evaluated for each replication. The results showed that embryo exposure to batik liquid waste affected the height of the blastoderm embryo, accumulation of waste in the chorion of the embryo, deceleration of embryonic development, increased larval abnormalities, decreased the survival rate of larvae, and acceleration of yolk absorption of fish larvae. Embryos were successfully hatched and produced larvae only in the control and 5% batik liquid waste medium. Batik liquid waste interfered with O. vittatus embryo development and generated mortality above 5%.

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Blue Water Footprint and Grey Water Footprint Assessment of Block-Printed Batik-Making Process Coloured by Indigo (Indigofera sp.), Tingi (Ceriops sp.) and Mahogany (Swietenia sp.) Dyes

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Water footprint of batik-making process: a case study on small enterprise in Laweyan, Surakarta City, Indonesia

Water footprint of batik-making process: a case study on small enterprise in Laweyan, Surakarta City, Indonesia

Embryo and larvae development of Nilem Fish, Osteochilus vittatus reared in batik liquid waste

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