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The Indonesian batik is a potential product to support the economy of Indonesia. In spite of its potential in supporting the economy of Indonesia, the water pollution caused by batik production by Small & Mediuam Enterprises (SMEs) needs to be addressed, as it leads to water scarcity since the batik production tends to consume a huge quantity of water. This research was conducted to identify key factors that influence water use for batik production among batik craftsmen, and explain those factors using the concept of circular economy. This study was conducted using qualitative method through focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview as data collection strategies and quantitative data collected as secondary data. Our study found that some practices of the batik craftsmen have shown to fit to the circular cycle, although the dischargement of wastewater into waterways still fits to the linear model. Using secondary data, the direct water use for batik production were varies from 3.33 L/pc to 235 L/pc, depending on the craftsmen. If water footprint approach is to be used, the water use will be much higher. Finally, four key factors affecting the water use are discussed in this study and efforts that can be proposed to reduce the ratio water/product as well as maintaining water as a resource, as indicated by circular economy.

The Indonesian batik is a cultural product recognized as Intangible World Heritage by UNESCO. However, its production by small and medium enterprises has been raising environmental problems, including water pollution. Since water is vital for humans and batik production, deterioration of its quality affects the people, ecosystem, and batik sustainability. The water scarcity and the emerging concept of circular economy show that a regenerative system that focuses on resource efficiency is essential to replace the current linear production system. A previous study was conducted to examine the role of water in batik production. However, a complete picture on the water use in batik production is required as it will imply to water sustainability, from the experts' perspectives. Therefore, this study identified the factors influencing water use for batik production based on perspective of the experts in combination to craftsmen's experience using a qualitative Delphi method with seven experts on batik and water technology. The result indicates identified challenges that influence the water use for batik production, and four aspects that need to be addressed in order to realize water friendly batik production. Finally, three key factors of actor, system, and technology were concluded if the circularity of water use in batik SMEs will be realized.

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The Indonesian batik, which is usually produced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) often consumes a lot of water and causing environmental pollution. Therefore, a study to map the water use for batik production is required. This study examines the Blue Water Footprint (BWF) and Grey Water Footprint (GWF) of block-printed batik making-process coloured by Indigo (Indigofera sp.), Mahogany (Swietenia sp.) and Tingi (Ceriops sp.) dyes produced by a batik SME in Jarum village of Klaten Regency, Indonesia. The average BWF of block-printed batik making-process coloured by natural dyes was lower than the GWF and Indigo consumes more water in dyeing, followed by Tingi and Mahogany. The dyeing process consumes less water for BWF (2.96 L/pc), while the biggest portion of BWF was contributed from the wax removal process (152.81 L/pc). Implementation of cleaner production by managing the grey water, such as the implementation of communal Wastewater Treatment Plant, adopting water conservation strategies and educating the craftsmen are necessary to achieve batik and water resource sustainability.