Bluemergency: Mediating Post-disaster Communication Systems using the Internet of Things and Bluetooth Mesh

Álvarez, Flor; Almon, Lars; Radtki, Hauke; Hollick, Matthias

doi:10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033063

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, the Japanese Cabinet Office issued a report stating that numerous victims had encountered difficulties due to insufficient information on road congestion and damage [12], [13], primarily because media types that depend on communication infrastructures, such as cellular networks and radio, were unavailable due to electrical blackouts and communications traffic congestion. In response to this problem, several disaster information-sharing systems that do not rely on cellular communications infrastructure have been proposed as ways to facilitate evacuations [7], [8], [14], [15], [16].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mesh topology of NerveNet makes it tolerant to link disconnections and fixed base station failures that may occur in the aftermath of a disaster, because the transmitted data can circumvent damaged fixed base stations. Meanwhile, Álvarrez et al propose a novel emergency network concept that uses Bluetooth Mesh, which is a large-scale multi-hop sensor network composed of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart homes and smart offices, to share disaster information when the cellular communication infrastructure fails [14]. Their system, which is also based on a mesh topology, provides resilience because there is no single point of failure.…”

Section: Disaster Information-sharing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Interactions between Evacuation Behavior and Information Dissemination via Heterogeneous DTN

Yahara

Kato

Takai

et al. 2022

Journal of Information Processing

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Disaster information-sharing among emergency personnel and residents helps facilitate quick and safe evacuation from disaster areas. However, it is difficult to communicate with people in disaster areas when communications infrastructure is not available. To tackle this problem, we have been developing a heterogeneous delay/disruption tolerant network (DTN)-based disaster information-sharing system that uses long-range narrowband links (e.g., LoRa) and short-range broadband links (e.g., Wi-Fi). Our disaster information-sharing system disseminates evacuation recommendations, evacuation routes, and other vital information to residents in disaster-stricken areas by the store-carry-forward method using residents' mobile devices and relay nodes installed at roadsides, fire departments, and shelters. Since evacuee movements and information dissemination in heterogeneous DTN affect each other, and since understanding those interactions will facilitate the development of more efficient disaster information distribution strategies, we developed a simple cellular-automaton-based simulation model to investigate data dissemination in our heterogeneous-DTN system and analyzed those interactions. Our simulation results revealed a particular complication that we have named the "leaving-behind phenomenon," in which people who have obtained information on damaged roads take detours to a shelter before providing the same information to the evacuees that will approach the damaged road. Based on our simulation results, we report on a way to alleviate this problem by installing fixed relay nodes at the most suitable locations.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disaster Information-sharing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Interactions between Evacuation Behavior and Information Dissemination via Heterogeneous DTN

Yahara

Kato

Takai

et al. 2022

Journal of Information Processing

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“…The Bluetooth mesh network is based on a publish-subscribe model for data communication. It supports up to 32,767 devices with a maximum of 128 hops [14]. The devices need to have addresses and security information to become part of the mesh network to send or receive data.…”

Section: Ble Friendship Featurementioning

confidence: 99%

Downlink Performance Modeling and Evaluation of Batteryless Low Power BLE Node

Sultania

Delgado

Blondia

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Deploying low maintenance and long-life systems is an important requirement of emerging commercial Internet of Things (IoT) solutions. Such systems can be envisioned in which the connected devices are powered by energy harvested from ambient sources and stored in long-lifetime capacitors rather than short-lived and polluting batteries. However, due to the unpredictable nature of ambient energy harvesting, such batteryless IoT devices might not always have enough energy to initiate communication. The Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) specification defines support for Low Power Nodes (LPNs) using the friendship feature, where the LPN is associated with a neighbouring friend node (FN). The LPN can receive downlink (DL) data and remain connected to the network via the FN that buffers the LPN’s incoming packets while allowing the LPN to save energy by sleeping or turning itself off. This novel BLE feature makes the LPN highly suitable to support the connection of batteryless ambiently-powered IoT devices. While the LPN can decide when to transmit uplink (UL) packets and does not depend on the FN to receive downlink (DL) data, the LPN needs to poll its FN to receive the buffered packets. However, the DL packet latency increases with this process due to the buffering time at the FN. Therefore, in this work, we present an analytical model to characterize the performance as a function of DL data latency and packet delivery ratio (PDR) of a batteryless LPN powered by different harvesting powers and capacitor sizes. This would help to optimally choose the correct configuration of the batteryless LPN for its network deployment. We also compare the analytical model and simulation results, showing consistency with an average error of 2.23% for DL data latency and 0.09% for the PDR.

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“…Solutions for mesh networking, available for Wi-Fi as IEEE 802.11s and for BLE [7], are not designed for intermittent connectivity. Thus, the IoT domain contains multiple examples for custom, application-specific DTN implementations, ranging from emergency communication [4] over the collection of sensor data [3] to opportunistic device-to-device interactions [8]. Still, no general DTN or Bundle Protocol approach exists for BLE while there are solutions available for IEEE 802.15.4 [9] or CoAP [10].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BLE devices, such as smartphones, wearables and sensors, reside in households, offices, and even in our pockets, accompanying us throughout our daily lives. Thus, BLE-enabled devices offer an infrastructure for citywide networks enabling applications in delay and disruption tolerant networking (DTN) and Opportunistic Networking [2] like the collection of sensor data [3] or emergency communication in disaster scenarios when established communication over cellular networks or Wi-Fi fails [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DisruptaBLE: Opportunistic BLE Networking

Rathje

2022

2022 IEEE 47th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)

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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is the prevalent IoT radio technology and perfectly suited for mobile and batterydriven applications. However, it is not designed for intermittent connectivity and opportunistic networking. Hence, the vast infrastructure that BLE-equipped devices such as smartphones, wearables, and sensors provide, remains untapped, even with its potential for data collection, sharing, or emergency communication in disaster scenarios. This paper introduces DISRUPTABLE to unfold this potential: A universal BLE-based store-and-forward architecture for delay-tolerant and opportunistic networking. Tailored to the resource constraints of IoT nodes and the feature set of BLE, DISRUPTABLE enables opportunistic interactions between BLE-equipped devices, providing a resilient network even when established communication over cellular networks or Wi-Fi fails. In our evaluation, we show that in a highly dynamic pedestrian scenario in downtown Stockholm, broadcasts reliably inform pedestrians in 7.1 seconds, while unicast messages arrive within 20 minutes in 48.1% of cases.

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Bluemergency: Mediating Post-disaster Communication Systems using the Internet of Things and Bluetooth Mesh

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

On Interactions between Evacuation Behavior and Information Dissemination via Heterogeneous DTN

On Interactions between Evacuation Behavior and Information Dissemination via Heterogeneous DTN

Downlink Performance Modeling and Evaluation of Batteryless Low Power BLE Node

DisruptaBLE: Opportunistic BLE Networking

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