Bluetongue virus infection in India : a review

Prasad, Gaya; Jain, N C; Gupta, Yogesh

doi:10.20506/rst.11.3.624

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Peste‐des‐petits‐ruminants, BT and GP have been recorded from several parts of India in the small ruminant population (Balamurugan et al., 2010; Chauhan et al., 2009; Prasad et al., 1992; Sreenivasulu and Rao, 1999, Venkatesan et al., 2010). Peste‐des‐petits‐ruminants virus is known to cause marked immunosuppression as evidenced by leukopenia, lymphopenia and reduced early antibody response to both specific and non‐specific antigen (Rajak et al., 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Dual Infection of Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants and Goatpox in Indigenous Goats of Central India

Malik

Singh

Chandrashekar

et al. 2011

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Summary Peste‐des‐petits‐ruminants (PPR), bluetongue (BT) and goatpox (GP) have been well recognized as causes of significant economic losses in the small ruminant population of Asia and Africa. We describe here the occurrence of these three in an outbreak noticed in non‐descript goats from a subtropical region of central India. An investigation was carried out to confirm the aetiology of the heavy mortality in goats (74.6%, 112/150), with testing of samples from 12 surviving animals exhibiting mixed clinical signs indicative of PPR, BT and GP. Sandwich ELISA was used to detect PPR virus antigen and competition ELISA to detect PPR virus and BT virus antibodies. GP was confirmed on the basis of nodular lesions and an immunodiffusion assay. Eight of the 12 affected animals (66.7%) were positive for PPR virus and BT virus antibodies, and two goats (16.7%, 2/12) exhibiting clinical lesions of pox were also found positive for PPR virus/antibodies and BT virus antibodies, respectively. Although BT virus could not be identified in any sample, detection of BT virus antibodies indicated previous or possibly concurrent infection with BT virus in these goats. The N‐gene‐based RT‐PCR was used to confirm the PPR infection in these goats, and one of the amplicons was sequenced. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed close proximity to PPR virus isolates from Tibet and China, with sequence homology of up to 96.9%. The sequence homology was relatively low with the majority of other Indian isolates (72.7–93.5%). The detection of this new PPR virus sequence indicates the circulation of cross‐border strains in this region of India. It is presumed that the heavy mortality observed in goats is possibly attributable to the occurrence of mixed infection of PPR and GP, or PPR, BT and GP.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Dual Infection of Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants and Goatpox in Indigenous Goats of Central India

Malik

Singh

Chandrashekar

et al. 2011

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…Twenty-six different serotypes of BTV are recognized worldwide and distinct topotypes defined by closely related sequences of each genome segment have been proposed [19]. In India, 23 serotypes of BTV have been reported, identified either by serology or virus isolation, and eight serotypes (BTV-1, -2, -3, -9, -10, -16, -21, and -23) have been isolated from different regions during the last decade [4,5,8,12,17,22,26,28,30,33,36,37].BT is endemic in India. Multiple serotypes of BTV commonly circulate in the same geographical area, and can be isolated from the same flock or even from the same animals.…”

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“…To select different serotypes of BTV for inclusion in polyvalent vaccines, a comprehensive and continuous type-specific sero-prevalence is needed. Attempts to carry out serotype-based surveillance were made earlier by typing samples at the World Reference Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Laboratory, but sero-surveillance of BT in India is mostly limited to detection of group-specific antibodies in different species of wild and domestic animals [3,6,7,15,21,23,26,27,32]. Thus, rapid detection of BTV serotypes is vital for understanding the epidemiology as well as to design prevention strategies.…”

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Type-specific seroprevalence of bluetongue in Andhra Pradesh, India, during 2005–2009

et al. 2013

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Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, arthropodborne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), which is a double-stranded segmented RNA virus. Of the 26 confirmed BTV serotypes, 23 were reported in India based on the detection of antibodies or virus. In order to assess the prevalence of different serotypes in Andhra Pradesh, serum samples which were positive for BTV by group-specific antibody ELISA were subjected to type-specific neutralization of BTV serotypes 1, 2, 9, 10, 21 and 23. Of the 52 samples tested, 50.0, 44.23, 21.15, 26.92, 0, and 15.38 % neutralized BTV serotypes 1, 2, 9, 10, 21 and 23, respectively. However, 32.69 % of the ELISA positive sera could not neutralize any of these serotypes, indicating that there could be other serotype viruses (e.g., BTV-3 and -16) circulating in the State. This method can be used for surveillance of the circulating serotypes as well as for assessing the level of herd immunity, and assist in determining the vaccine strains to be used in multivalent vaccines.Keywords Bluetongue virus Á Serotype Á Surveillance Á Virus neutralization assay Á Epidemiology Bleuetongue (BT) is one of the major economically important livestock diseases in India. The disease is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), a double-stranded segmented RNA virus belonging to genus Orbivirus of family Reoviridae. Clinical BT is observed only in sheep, and not in other domestic or wild animals. However, antibodies against BTV are frequently observed in cattle, buffaloes, goats and some wild ruminants, indicating asymptomatic infection in these species [21,23,25,27,36]. Twenty-six different serotypes of BTV are recognized worldwide and distinct topotypes defined by closely related sequences of each genome segment have been proposed [19]. In India, 23 serotypes of BTV have been reported, identified either by serology or virus isolation, and eight serotypes (BTV-1, -2, -3, -9, -10, -16, -21, and -23) have been isolated from different regions during the last decade [4,5,8,12,17,22,26,28,30,33,36,37].BT is endemic in India. Multiple serotypes of BTV commonly circulate in the same geographical area, and can be isolated from the same flock or even from the same animals. Further, recent reports indicate the incursion of Western topotypes of BTV into India [12,17,18,20,29,31]. Therefore, the identification of circulating serotypes of BTV is important. However, virus isolation followed by serotyping is time consuming. In addition, by the time the viruses are isolated and the serotype is determined, new serotypes may appear, resurface or dominate, making it difficult to select the serotypes for incorporation in vaccines. An inactivated polyvalant vaccine has been developed in India using five serotypes of BTV (BTV-1, -2, -10,

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“…The bluetongue virus (BTV) can infect domestic and wild ruminants. The clinical signs are fatal in sheep and white-tailed deer, whereas in cattle, camels, and goats, it appears in a subclinical form (2,7,9). Bluetongue virus (BTV) belongs to the family Reoviridae and genus Orbivirus (5).…”

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Complete Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 16 of Goat Origin from India

Prasad

Singh

Ranjan

et al. 2012

J Virol

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In this article, we document the first complete genome sequence of an isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 16 (BTV16) from a goat in India. The virus was isolated from an in-contact goat from an animal farm in Chennai where clinical disease occurs in sheep. The total size of the genome is 19,185 bp. The information provided for full-length sequences of all 10 segments will help in understanding the geographical origin and transmission of the Indian isolate of BTV16 as well as its comparison with global isolates of BTV16 of sheep, cattle, and other host species origins.

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Bluetongue virus infection in India : a review

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

Occurrence of Dual Infection of Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants and Goatpox in Indigenous Goats of Central India

Occurrence of Dual Infection of Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants and Goatpox in Indigenous Goats of Central India

Type-specific seroprevalence of bluetongue in Andhra Pradesh, India, during 2005–2009

Complete Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 16 of Goat Origin from India

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