BMP-2 can promote the osteogenic differentiation of human endometrial stem cells

Abstract

Background: Human endometrial-derived stem cells (hEnSCs) as multipotent accessible source of cells are known as useful cell candidates in the field of bone tissue engineering. However, the effect of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) as an osteoinductive growth factor has not been clearly ascertained. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the remarkable osteoinductive growth factor BMP-2, on promotion of osteogenic differentiation in hEnSCs. Methods: Endometrial biopsies were obtained from healthy women referred to the hospital for infertility treatment. After tissue digestion in collagenase, the isolated endometrial cells were expanded in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FBS. The propagated cells were characterized based on the expression of endometrial (CD90, CD105), endothelial (CD31), and hematopoietic (CD34, CD133) stem cell markers. Cells were differentiated in osteogenic medium containing DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 nM dexamethasone, 50 μg/ml Ascorbic acid, and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate in the presence or absence of BMP-2 for 21 days. Alizarin red staining was performed to verify the matrix mineralization. Immunocytochemical staining was conducted to detect the expression of OCT-4, CD133, and osteopontin as well as osteocalcin. The expression of osteoblast transcripts, including osteopontin, osteonectin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed by semi quantitative PCR. Results:The expanded EnSCs were spindle shaped. They were positive for the expression of Oct-4, CD90, and CD105, while they were negative for endothelial and hematopoietic markers. The matrix mineralization was confirmed by Alizarin red in both groups at day 21. Although the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin was detected in both groups by immunological staining, the expression of osteocalcin was more intense in the presence of BMP-2. ALP, Osteonectin and osteopontin transcripts were expressed in all groups; however, the expression of ALP and osteopontin was upregulated in the presence of BMP-2. Conclusion: BMP-2 as an osteoinductive growth factor, could promote the osteogenic differentiation of EnSCs in vitro.

Bioactivity of a sol–gel-derived hydroxyapatite coating on titanium implants in vitro and in vivo

“…Mineralization, or calcification generally occurs in the differentiation stage, which follows cell proliferation. Alizarin red S is a dye that binds selectively to calcium salts and is a common histochemical technique used to detect and quantify calcium deposits in mineralized tissues and cultures [12]. Figure 2 compares the absorbance of the Alizarin red S cell staining between coated and uncoated titanium at various culture times.…”

Preparation and In Vitro Osteogenic Evaluation of Biomimetic Hybrid Nanocomposite Scaffolds Based on Gelatin/Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) and Lithium-Doped 45s5 Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles

“…Also, scaffolds containing PRGF showed better cell adhesion, possibly because of playing a crucial role of growth factors in the structure of PRGF, especially platelet-derived growth factors (Fig. 2 e–l) [ 12 , 70 ]. Other researchers have confirmed these findings [ 102 , 103 ].…”

“…Also, their harvesting method, unlike bone marrow stem cells, is not difficult or painful [ 11 ]. So, regarding the benefits mentioned above, endometrial stem cells attract significant attention in bone regeneration [ 12 ].…”

Stem cells and medical tourism

“…Two articles in this issue of Asian Biomedicine address stem cell technology. The article by Ai et al from Iran [22] reports original research and the other by Hua et al from China [23] reviews therapeutic cloning in the light of induced pluripotent stem cell technology.…”