“…To answer the research questions and fill in the research gap mentioned above, this study draws on the literature on the cost of legitimacy management and examines how mandatory CSR disclosure affects the scope and emphasis of CSR disclosure. Specifically, scope dimension refers to the number of different CSR fields that a target firm has disclosed, whereas emphasis dimension refers to how much effort the target firm pays to each CSR field to address stakeholder concerns (Ding, Hu, Yang, & Zhou, 2021; Zhang et al, 2020c). Institutional theory indicates that conforming to government regulations grants firm legitimacy and failing to conform threatens firms’ legitimacy and may lead to penalties (Greenwood, Raynard, Kodeih, Micelotta, & Lounsbury, 2011; Hannan, 2010; Meyer & Rowan, 1977).…”