Bocavirus Infection in Hospitalized Children, South Korea

Chung, Joonho; Han, Tae Hee; Kim, Chang Keun; Kim, Sang Woo

doi:10.3201/eid1708.060261

Cited by 45 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Symptoms seem to persist for 1 to 2 weeks on average (range, 2 days to 3 weeks) (1, 60); Monteny et al reported a prolonged course of fever (Ͼ7 days or recurring) in HBoV-infected patients (54). HBoV has also been detected in individuals with skin rash, although no causal association has been identified (6,15,54). Allander at al.…”

Section: Symptoms Presumably Associated With Hbov Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Bocavirus: Passenger or Pathogen in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections?

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly identified virus tentatively assigned to the family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae, genus Bocavirus. HBoV was first described in 2005 and has since been detected in respiratory tract secretions worldwide. Herein we review the literature on HBoV and discuss the biology and potential clinical impact of this virus. Most studies have been PCR based and performed on patients with acute respiratory symptoms, from whom HBoV was detected in 2 to 19% of the samples. HBoV-positive samples have been derived mainly from infants and young children. HBoV DNA has also been detected in the blood of patients with respiratory tract infection and in fecal samples of patients with diarrhea with or without concomitant respiratory symptoms. A characteristic feature of HBoV studies is the high frequency of coinciding detections, or codetections, with other viruses. Available data nevertheless indicate a statistical association between HBoV and acute respiratory tract disease. We present a model incorporating these somewhat contradictory findings and suggest that primary HBoV infection causes respiratory tract symptoms which can be followed by prolonged low-level virus shedding in the respiratory tract. Detection of the virus in this phase will be facilitated by other infections, either simply via increased sample cell count or via reactivation of HBoV, leading to an increased detection frequency of HBoV during other virus infections. We conclude that the majority of available HBoV studies are limited by the sole use of PCR diagnostics on respiratory tract secretions, addressing virus prevalence but not disease association. The ability to detect primary infection through the development of improved diagnostic methods will be of great importance for future studies seeking to assign a role for HBoV in causing respiratory illnesses.

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Section: Symptoms Presumably Associated With Hbov Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, 4 of 27 (15%) positive specimens in the study of Chung et al were obtained from children of Ͼ36 months of age (15). Thus, it seems reasonable to include older children into prospective surveillance studies.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hbovmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Bocavirus: Passenger or Pathogen in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections?

et al. 2008

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“…Based on DNA sequencing, two groups of HBoV were identified, Stockholm 1 (st 1) and Stockholm 2 (st 2) (1). Since its discovery, HBoV has been found in several countries (2,6,8,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)25).…”

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confidence: 99%

High Rate of Human Bocavirus and Adenovirus Coinfection in Hospitalized Israeli Children

et al. 2008

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We investigated coinfection of human bocavirus (HBoV) and other respiratory viruses in hospitalized children by real-time PCR. A high rate (69.2%) of adenovirus infection was found among children infected with HBoV. Such high rates of HboV-adenovirus coinfection have not been previously reported, underscoring the need to investigate the contribution of HBoV in patient clinical presentations.The discovery in 2005 of human bocavirus (HBoV) among Swedish children by Allander et al.(1) added a new member to the list of viruses that can cause respiratory tract infections. HBoV belongs to the Parvovirinae subfamily of the Parvoviridae family (1). HBoV is a nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus with a 5.2-kb-long genome. Based on DNA sequencing, two groups of HBoV were identified, Stockholm 1 (st 1) and Stockholm 2 (st 2) (1). Since its discovery, HBoV has been found in several countries (2,6,8,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)25).Allander et al.(1) initially detected HBoV DNA in 3.1% of Swedish children and infants presenting with variable degrees of respiratory distress and fever. Moreover, 17.6% of HboVpositive patients were also positive for either adenovirus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (1). Since then, the frequency of HBoV reported from several studies worldwide has ranged between 1.5% and 18.3%, and the rate of coinfection of HBoV and other respiratory viruses, particularly coinfection with rhinovirus, RSV, or parainfluenza virus, was as high as 91% (9). The highest coinfection rate of HBoV and adenovirus reported to date was 37.1% in Korea (5). The high coinfection rate with other viruses and the difficulties in culturing HBoV could be in part due to its dependence on other respiratory viruses for its replication. Such dependence would be reminiscent of the adenoassociated Dependovirus virus, which is dependent on adenovirus for its replication (4,10,24).In this study we evaluated the rate of coinfection with HBoV and adenovirus in 231 Israeli children. These children were hospitalized between January 2006 and December 2006 with upper-respiratory-system infection, and adenovirus was on the list of viruses to be checked or the patients had clinical symptoms most closely resembling adenovirus infection. The ages of the patients ranged from a few days to less than 10 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1.0. The difference tended to be larger for those diagnosed with HBoV infection or adenovirus infection (male-to-female ratio, 1.9 or 1.8, respectively).Patient samples were obtained by well-trained health care providers and transported to the Israel Central Virology Laboratory in a timely manner. The samples included 97 (42%) nasal suction samples, 69 (30%) nose swab samples, 24 (10.4%) bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples, 23 (10%) throat swab samples, 12 (5%) sputum samples, 3 (1.3%) lung biopsy samples, and 3 (1.3%) pleural fluid samples. All were examined for the presence of adenovirus. The presence of other viruses was tested according to the requests of physicians. HBoV was tested for re...

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“…Studies have shown that HBoV apparently has a 5,9,11,16,23,25,27 worldwide distribution , with an incidence 5 1 ranging from 1.5% to 19% . Few studies have been conducted in Latin America to determine the association of HBoV with other respiratory infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%