Body Composition, Abdominal Fat Distribution, and Prostate-Specific Antigen Test Results

Rundle, Andrew; Richards, Catherine; Neugut, Alfred I.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0247

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…According to Jeong et al (2010) the lack of association between metabolic syndrome and serum PSA may reflect the heterogeneous relationship between each metabolic risk factor and serum PSA. In the contrary, Rundle et al (2009) found that waist circumference was positively associated with PSA level, even after controlling for BMI. The association of BP with serum PSA levels remains controversial.…”

Section: Prostate Specific Antigen and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 79%

Prostate Cancer and Metabolic Syndrome: Is there a link?

McGrowder¹,

Jackson²,

Crawford³

2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Metabolic syndrome has become quite prevalent within our society. Over the past two decades, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has sharply increased worldwide and it has become a major public health problem in several countries. It is associated with the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus and imposes numerous cardiovascular risks. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men, surpassed only by non-melanoma skin cancer. A considerable body of evidence exists suggesting that some components of the metabolic syndrome have been associated with the risk of prostate cancer. These components include obesity, an abdominal fat distribution, and hyperinsulinemia. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most widely used therapeutic modality in prostate cancer. It changed the body composition and lipid profile of men with prostate cancer. Androgen deficiency is associated with increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, increased production of proinflammatory factors, and increased thickness of the arterial wall and contributes to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this review is to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer and to discuss the implications of androgen deficiency in men with cardiovascular risk factors. A comprehensive literature search was carried out with the use of PubMed from 1980 through 2011, and relevant articles pertinent to metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer are evaluated and discussed.

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Section: Prostate Specific Antigen and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 79%

Prostate Cancer and Metabolic Syndrome: Is there a link?

McGrowder¹,

Jackson²,

Crawford³

2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…The inverse relationship between PSA level and WC observed in our study are contradictory to previously reported results. Rundle et al (42) found that WC was positively associated with PSA level, even after controlling for BMI. However, they did not jointly analyze confounding variables (significant metabolic risk factors affecting serum PSA level, such as diabetes and hypertension).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in a Korean-Screened Population

Jeong

Hwang

Kim

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Metabolic syndrome plays a potential role in the etiology of prostate cancer and is associated with the increase in prostatic growth rate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, the influence of metabolic syndrome on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level remains unclear.Methods: Data were obtained from 23,601 men ages 40 years or older without a history of prostate cancer who underwent general health screening tests between 2006 and 2007 at Asan Medical Center. The criteria for metabolic syndrome were consistent with those defined by the NCEP-ATPIII-AHA/NHLBI statement. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the independent effects of age, body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome, and each component of metabolic syndrome, on PSA level.Results: Geometric mean PSA level increased linearly and significantly with increasing age and decreasing BMI (P < 0.001). Although the geometric mean PSA levels were lower in men with metabolic syndrome than in those without the condition, metabolic syndrome no longer retained a statistically significant association with PSA after the adjustment for age and BMI (P = 0.850). Among five metabolic components, higher waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose level were significantly associated with lower PSA (P = 0.021 and P = 0.001), whereas hypertension was significantly associated with higher PSA (P < 0.001), after complete adjustment for age, BMI, and other metabolic components.Conclusions: In our screened population, metabolic syndrome was not associated with PSA level. The lack of association between metabolic syndrome and PSA level may reflect the heterogeneous relationship between each metabolic risk factor and PSA level. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(2); 371-80.

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“…Obesity-related prostate enlargement has been reported to obscure the association between BMI and prostate cancer (35). Obese men have lower likelihood of capturing prostate tissue upon needle biopsy, increased false-negative rate upon rectal examination, and lower PSA values than lean men (36). Biased treatment by race might explain the difference if less effort is made to conduct a thorough examination for prostate cancer in AAs, or if AAs who are obese are more obese than obese CAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness among African and Caucasian Americans in a Population-Based Study

Arab

Steck

et al. 2011

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: This study evaluated obesity and prostate cancer aggressiveness relationship in a populationbased incident prostate cancer study.Methods: The North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project includes medical records data for classification of prostate cancer aggressiveness at diagnosis by using clinical criteria for 1,049 African American (AA) and 1,083 Caucasian American (CA) participants. An association between prostate cancer aggressiveness and obesity, measured using body mass indices (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), was assessed using ORs and 95% CIs adjusted for confounders.Results: A significantly positive association was found between prostate cancer aggressiveness and obesity. The ORs for high aggressive prostate cancer among prediagnosis obese and severely obese were 1.48 (95% CI ¼ 1.02-2.16) and 1.98 (95% CI ¼ 1.31-2.97), respectively, compared with normal weight research subjects. Race-stratified results suggested the association is stronger among CAs. Interaction model showed that normal weight AAs had more aggressive prostate cancer than normal weight CAs (OR ¼ 2.69, 95% CI ¼ 1.36-5.30); severe obesity was associated with aggressive disease in AAs (OR ¼ 3.90, 95% CI ¼ 1.97-7.75). WHR > 0.98 among all research subjects adjusted for race was significantly associated with high aggressive prostate cancer (OR ¼ 1.42, 95% CI ¼ 1.00-2.00) when compared with WHR < 0.90. The stratified result is less clear among AAs.Conclusions: This study shows a positive association between obesity and aggressive prostate cancer. AAs have more aggressive prostate cancer in general than CAs even at normal weight. Therefore, the association between obesity and aggressiveness is not as evident in AAs as in CAs.Impact: This study provides a unique opportunity to examine impact of race on obesity and high aggressive prostate cancer relationship. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 844-53. Ó2011 AACR.

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Body Composition, Abdominal Fat Distribution, and Prostate-Specific Antigen Test Results

Cited by 26 publications

References 65 publications

Prostate Cancer and Metabolic Syndrome: Is there a link?

Prostate Cancer and Metabolic Syndrome: Is there a link?

The Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in a Korean-Screened Population

Obesity and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness among African and Caucasian Americans in a Population-Based Study

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