Body Composition, Muscle Capacity, and Physical Function in Older Adults: An Integrated Conceptual Model

Brady, Anne O.; Straight, Chad R.; Evans, Ellen M.

doi:10.1123/japa.22.3.441

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…This hypothesis has only been sparsely investigated with inconclusive results . The discrepancy between observations could potentially be due to differences in testing methods (testing of whole‐leg vs single‐joint power), as well as lack of statistical adjustments for physical activity and levels of body fat . Therefore, research using both whole‐leg and single‐joint testing methods to investigate the potential influence of between‐limb asymmetry on functional capacity in older adults is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of between‐limb asymmetry in muscle mass, strength, and power on functional capacity in healthy older adults

Mertz

Reitelseder

Jensen

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Purpose Numerous daily tasks such as walking and rising from a chair involve bilateral lower limb movements. During such tasks, lower extremity function (LEF) may be compromised among older adults. LEF may be further impaired due to high degrees of between‐limb asymmetry. The present study investigated the prevalence of between‐limb asymmetry in muscle mass, strength, and power in a cohort of healthy older adults and examined the influence of between‐limb asymmetry on LEF. Methods Two hundred and eight healthy older adults (mean age 70.2 ± 3.9 years) were tested for LEF (400 m walking and 30‐seconds chair stand). Furthermore, maximal isometric and dynamic knee extensor strength, leg extensor power, and lower limb lean tissue mass (LTM) were obtained unilaterally. Results Mean between‐limb asymmetry in maximal muscle strength and power ranged between 10% and 13%, whereas LTM asymmetry was 3 ± 2.3%. Asymmetry in dynamic knee extensor strength was larger for women compared with men (15.0 ± 11.8% vs 11.1 ± 9.5%; P = .005) Leg strength and power were positively correlated with LEF (r2 = .43‐.46, P < .001). The weakest leg was not a stronger predictor of LEF than the strongest leg. Between‐limb asymmetry in LTM and isometric strength was negatively associated with LEF (LTM; r2 = .12, P = .005, isometric peak torque; r2 = 0.40, P = .03.) but dynamic strength and power were not. Conclusion The present study supports the notion that in order to improve or maintain LEF, healthy older adults should participate in training interventions that increase muscle strength and power, whereas the effects of reducing between‐limb asymmetry in these parameters might be of less importance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of between‐limb asymmetry in muscle mass, strength, and power on functional capacity in healthy older adults

Mertz

Reitelseder

Jensen

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Unfavourable body composition changes develop inexorably throughout adulthood due to lifelong interactions among endogenous, environmental, and lifestyle factors . As a result, muscle loss and body fat accumulation lead to an increased risk of sarcopenia and obesity, contributing to adverse health‐related outcomes in advanced ages .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfavourable body composition changes develop inexorably throughout adulthood due to lifelong interactions among endogenous, environmental, and lifestyle factors. 1,2 As a result, muscle loss and body fat accumulation lead to an increased risk of sarcopenia and obesity, contributing to adverse health-related outcomes in advanced ages. 3,4 More recently, the co-presence of sarcopenia and obesity, known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), has been considered a more deleterious body composition phenotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between sleep conditions and body composition states: results of the EPISONO study

Piovezan

Hirotsu

Moizinho

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Evidence suggests anthropometric indicators of obesity are associated with changes in sleep quality and quantity, and the presence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Investigations including diverse and objective evaluations of sleep and body composition are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the associations between indicators of sleep impairment and body composition states in a sample from a population‐based study. Methods Participants of the first follow‐up of the EPISONO (São Paulo, Brazil) >50 years were cross‐sectionally evaluated. Sleep was assessed through questionnaires, actigraphy, and polysomnography. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted for body mass index defined sarcopenia (men <0.789 and women <0.512). Total body fat defined obesity (men >30% and women >40%). The overlap between both conditions defined sarcopenic obesity (SO). Final results were obtained by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results Three hundred fifty‐nine adults [mean (standard deviation) age, 61 (8.8) years; 212 (59.1%) female] were enrolled. Obesity was detected in 22.6% of the sample, sarcopenia in 5.6%, and SO in 16.2%. After controlling for covariates, OSA was associated with SO [odds ratio = 3.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49–6.61]. Additionally, nocturnal hypoxaemia was associated with both obesity (adjusted odds ratio = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.49–4.49) and SO (odds ratio = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.39–6.13). Other indicators of poor sleep/sleep disorders were not associated with body composition states. Conclusions Sarcopenic obesity but not obesity alone was associated with OSA. Both obesity and SO but not sarcopenia were associated with nocturnal hypoxaemia. The findings suggest a complex pathophysiologic relationship between adverse body composition states and OSA. Upcoming research on risk factors and therapeutic interventions for OSA should target synchronically the lean and adipose body tissues.

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“…Considerable evidence suggests that muscle quality is an important contributor to physical function in older women [11,15,31,36]. However, the power of muscle mass measures in predicting muscle quality has not been investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Functional Capacity From Measures of Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women

Orsatti¹,

Nunes

Souza

et al. 2016

PM&R

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Body Composition, Muscle Capacity, and Physical Function in Older Adults: An Integrated Conceptual Model

Cited by 24 publications

References 143 publications

Influence of between‐limb asymmetry in muscle mass, strength, and power on functional capacity in healthy older adults

Influence of between‐limb asymmetry in muscle mass, strength, and power on functional capacity in healthy older adults

Associations between sleep conditions and body composition states: results of the EPISONO study

Predicting Functional Capacity From Measures of Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women

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