Body fat distribution in the Finnish population: environmental determinants and predictive power for cardiovascular risk factor levels.

Marti, Bernard; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Salomaa, Veikko; Kartovaara, Leena; Korhonen, Heikki; Pietinen, Pirjo

doi:10.1136/jech.45.2.131

Cited by 119 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Low social standing, measured here in terms of vocational education, was found to be associated with abdominal obesity, as in earlier studies (Marti et al, 1991;Brunner et al, 1998;Lahmann et al, 2000;Lahti-Koski et al, 2000a). Men who had completed no more than vocational school or an equivalent course had an increased risk even after Model I excludes BMI 31 y, but II includes it.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…All in all, BMI is nevertheless one of the most marked determinants of WHR (Molarius et al, 1999;Lahti-Koski et al, 2000a;Kuh et al, 2002). Apart from its inverse relation to social class (Brunner et al, 1998;Lahmann et al, 2000) and level of education (Marti et al, 1991;LahtiKoski et al, 2000a), WHR has been shown to be associated with several lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption (Laws et al, 1990;Sakurai et al, 1997;Dallongeville et al, 1998), smoking (Laws et al, 1990), high intake of dietary saturated fats (Ward et al, 1994), physical inactivity (Laws et al, 1990;Trichopoulou et al, 2001), increased stress and anxiety (Lloyd et al, 1996), shiftwork (van Amelsvoort et al, 1999) and parity (Lahmann et al, 2000). These studies, however, have not taken simultaneously into account earlier lifecourse variables, for example, body size at different ages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of abdominal obesity among 31-y-old men and women born in Northern Finland in 1966

Laitinen¹,

et al. 2003

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Objective: To find predictors of abdominal obesity (defined by 490th percentile of waist/hip ratio (WHR)) and related factors among 31-y-old men and women. Design: Longitudinal study of the northern Finland birth cohort of 1966 with measurements obtained at birth, 14 and 31 y. Subjects: A total of 2841 men and 2930 women with data on WHR at 31 y. Results:The most important predictor of abdominal obesity among the 31-y-old men was a high body mass index (BMI), those with normal weight at 14 y who were obese at 31 y having an especially high risk of abdominal obesity at 31 y. Abdominal obesity was independently associated with current weight status, small size for gestational age, a high intake of alcohol at 31 y, physical inactivity at 31 y, unhealthy diet in the sense of infrequent consumption of fiber-rich foods and frequent consumption of sausages, and a low level of occupational training. Physical inactivity and minimal vocational training also tended to be associated with abdominal obesity among women. The analyses were controlled for maternal age and BMI, and also for hormonal contraception and parity among women. Conclusions: Some aspects of risk of adult abdominal obesity were evident during adolescence, and good advice is needed then, and in early adulthood, in order to reduce the risk of abdominal obesity in their thirties. Those who are small for gestational age are vulnerable to the development of abdominal obesity. Successful weight control from adolescence to adulthood, and healthy eating, alcohol drinking and exercise habits are important for avoiding abdominal accumulation of body fat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of abdominal obesity among 31-y-old men and women born in Northern Finland in 1966

Laitinen¹,

et al. 2003

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“…Positive associations between the use of alcohol and abdominal adiposity have consistently been reported for men and frequently for women in cross-sectional (Marti et al, 1991;Troisi et al, 1991;Slattery et al, 1992;Randrianjohany et al, 1993;Dallongeville et al, 1998;Han et al, 1998) or prospective studies (Grinker et al, 1995;Vadstrup et al, 2003;Vernay et al, 2004). Studies showing different results focused on the role of alcohol for the change of anthropometric measures (Koh-Banerjee et al, 2003;Halkjaer et al, 2004Halkjaer et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of lifetime alcohol use with measures of abdominal and general adiposity in a large-scale European cohort

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: The relation between lifetime use of alcohol and measures of abdominal and general adiposity is unknown. Subjects/Methods: Among 99 381 men and 158 796 women of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, means of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI), and odds ratios (OR) for a larger WC than predicted for a given BMI (WClp ¼ positive residuals of gender specific linear regression of BMI on WC) across categories of average lifetime use of alcohol (total, from wine and from beer) were calculated, all adjusted for socio-demographic, lifestyle and health factors. 1.32, 1.49) in men using 460 g/d and 1.63 (1.54, 1.73) in women using 424 g/d), though increase was higher for alcohol from beer than from wine (P for difference between beer and wineo0.001 (men) and ¼ 0.002 (women)). Conclusion: Lifetime alcohol use is positively related to abdominal and general adiposity in men, possibly following the male weight gain pattern; in women, it is positively related only to abdominal adiposity. In this context, beer may contribute additionally to abdominal adiposity.

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“…However, after puberty, females deposit more fat on the hips and, therefore, WHR becomes significantly lower in females than in males. WHR has a bimodal distribution with relatively little overlap between genders (Marti et al, 1991). The typical range of WHR for healthy premenopausal women has been shown to be .67-.80 (Lanska, Lanska, Hartz,&Rimm, 1985;Marti etal., 1991;O'Brien & Shelton, 1941), whereas healthy men have WHRs in the range of .85-95 (Jones, Hunt, Brown, & Norgan, 1986;Marti et al, 1991).…”

Section: Gender Differences In Body Fat Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WHR has a bimodal distribution with relatively little overlap between genders (Marti et al, 1991). The typical range of WHR for healthy premenopausal women has been shown to be .67-.80 (Lanska, Lanska, Hartz,&Rimm, 1985;Marti etal., 1991;O'Brien & Shelton, 1941), whereas healthy men have WHRs in the range of .85-95 (Jones, Hunt, Brown, & Norgan, 1986;Marti et al, 1991). Women typically maintain a lower WHR than men except during menopause when female WHR becomes similar to that of male WHR (Kirschner & Samojilik, 1991).…”

Section: Gender Differences In Body Fat Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness: Role of waist-to-hip ratio.

Singh¹

1993

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

1,058

810

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Evidence is presented showing that body fat distribution as measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is correlated with youthfulness, reproductive endocrinologic status, and long-term health risk in women. Three studies show that men judge women with low WHR as attractive. Study 1 documents that minor changes in WHRs of Miss America winners and Playboy playmates have occurred over the past 30-60 years. Study 2 shows that college-age men find female figures with low WHR more attractive, healthier, and of greater reproductive value than figures with a higher WHR. In Study 3, 25-to 85-year-old men were found to prefer female figures with lower WHR and assign them higher ratings of attractiveness and reproductive potential. It is suggested that WHR represents an important bodily feature associated with physical attractiveness as well as with health and reproductive potential. A hypothesis is proposed to explain how WHR influences female attractiveness and its role in mate selection.

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Body fat distribution in the Finnish population: environmental determinants and predictive power for cardiovascular risk factor levels.

Abstract: Study objective-The aim was to examine (1) whether health habits are associated with body fat distribution, as measured by the waist/hip girth ratio, and (2)

Cited by 119 publications

References 39 publications

Predictors of abdominal obesity among 31-y-old men and women born in Northern Finland in 1966

Predictors of abdominal obesity among 31-y-old men and women born in Northern Finland in 1966

The association of lifetime alcohol use with measures of abdominal and general adiposity in a large-scale European cohort

Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness: Role of waist-to-hip ratio.

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