Body Height, Position, and Sex as Determinants of Personal Space

Hartnett, John J.; Bailey, Kent G.; Hartley, Craig S.

doi:10.1080/00223980.1974.9915683

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Distance was the original measure from Kinzel [1] and was used in many of the psychology and HRI studies [2], [3], [5], [8], [9], [10], [11]. This measure was limited by safety, so the minimum allowable distance was 0.6 m (2 feet) to limit the ability of the participants to touch the blades of the robot.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two human studies [4], [5] and one robot study [11] suggested that tall agents require more space than short agents when interacting with adults, this is depicted in Figure 1. The studies typically rely on the stop distance technique for measuring the size of the preferred personal space [1] and an approach speed of 0.2 m/s [6].…”

Section: A Psychological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was determined that short people had their personal space invaded more frequently than tall people; this suggests that a person may yield space to a "taller" sUAV but with less comfort than if they were being approached by a "shorter" sUAV. Hartnett [5] also examined the effect of tall (1.91 m) versus short (1.63 m) experimenters on comfortable distance, but using a reversal of the stop distance technique where the participant approaches the experimenter and stops when they are uncomfortable. There was a significant difference based on the height of the experimenter and the position (sitting or standing) of the experimenter during the approach.…”

Section: A Psychological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comfortable approach distance with small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Duncan

Murphy

2013

2013 Ieee Ro-Man

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Abstract-This paper presents the first known humansubject study of comfortable approach distance and height for human interaction with a small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV), finding no conclusive difference in comfort with a sUAV approaching a human at above head height or below head height. Understanding the amount, if any, of discomfort introduced by a sUAV flying in close proximity to a human is critical for law enforcement, crowd control, entertainment, or flying personal assistants. Previous work has focused on how humans interact with each other or with unmanned ground vehicles, and the experimental methods typically rely on the human participant to consciously express distress. The approach taken was to duplicate the experimental set up in human proxemics studies, while adding psychophysiological sensing, under the hypothesis that human-robot interaction will mirror human-human interaction. The 16 participant, within-subjects experiment did not confirm this hypothesis. Instead a sUAV above height of a "tall" person in human experiments (2.13 m) did not produce statistically different heart rate variability nor cause the participant to stop the robot further away than for a sUAV at a "short" height (1.52 m). The lack of effect may be due to two possible confounds: i) duplicating prior human proxemics experiments did not capture how a sUAV would likely move or interact and ii) telling the participants that the robot could not hurt them. Despite possible confounding, the results raise the question of whether humanhuman psychological and physical distancing behavior transfers to human-aerial robot interactions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Psychological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Psychological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comfortable approach distance with small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Duncan

Murphy

2013

2013 Ieee Ro-Man

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“…Sie hat aber eine Einsicht formuliert, die rund zweieinhalbtausend Jahre später wissenschaftlich bestätigt werden konnte. Andreoletti et al 2001;Harper 2000;Hartnett et al 1974;Heineck 2005;Savin-Williams 1979). Vor allem lässt sich mit ihnen aber der Body Mass Index errechnen, der nicht nur Informationen zum Gesundheitszustand einer Person transportiert, sondern auch eine sehr gute Proxyvariable für die Körperattraktivität eines Menschen ist (Andreoletti et al 2001;Cawley 2000;Davis et al 2000;Harper 2000).…”

Section: Wie Physische Attraktivität Gemessen Werden Kannunclassified

“…Auch scheint es so zu sein, dass attraktive Menschen seltener auf deviantes Verhalten ausweichen müssen, um ihre Ziele zu erreichen (Cavior/Howard 1973;Mocan/Tekin 2005;Zebrowitz et al 1998 Grundsätzlich scheint zu gelten, dass attraktiven Menschen mit mehr Zuversicht, Rücksichtnahme und Respekt begegnet wird (Dabbs/Stokes 1975;Hartnett et al 1974;Marwick 1988;Mulford et al 1998;Sroufe et al 1977). In den kleinen Alltagsdingen erfahren attraktive Personen mehr Unterstützung durch ihre Umwelt und in Notsituationen dürfen sie eher auf Hilfe von Bekannten und Fremden hoen (Athanasiou/Greene 1973;Benson et al 1976;Bian 1997;Wilson/Dovidio 1985).…”

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Physische Attraktivität und soziale Ungleichheit. Einige grundsätzliche Anmerkungen zu einem in der soziologischen Forschung kaum beachteten Prädiktor sozialer Ungleichheit

Rosar¹,

Klein²,

Hagenah³

2014

Analyse &Amp; Kritik

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Physische Attraktivität und soziale Ungleichheit. Einige grundsätzliche Anmerkungen zu einem in der soziologischen Forschung kaum beachteten Prädiktor sozialer Ungleichheit Abstract: The external appearance of a person is an important predictor for his or her social success. This nding has been veried by numerous mostly social psychological oriented empirical studies on physical attractiveness for many phases and areas of life. At the same time, sociological research on social inequality has hardly paid any attention to the social relevance of physical attractiveness. In order to begin to close this gap, the article provides insight into attractiveness research results and highlights the importance of further research into the impact of attractiveness on causing social inequality. We will rst give an overview of the areas of life in which the ecacy of physical attractiveness has already been demonstrated. Then we will discuss the mechanisms through which the external appearance of a person develops its eect, until nally, we will explain how physical attractiveness can be measured.Wer

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Personal Space

Altman

Vinsel

1977

Human Behavior and Environment

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Body Height, Position, and Sex as Determinants of Personal Space

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

Comfortable approach distance with small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Comfortable approach distance with small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Physische Attraktivität und soziale Ungleichheit. Einige grundsätzliche Anmerkungen zu einem in der soziologischen Forschung kaum beachteten Prädiktor sozialer Ungleichheit

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