Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer—systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies

Chan, Doris S. M.; Vieira, Ana; Aune, Dagfinn; Bandera, Elisa V.; Greenwood, Darren C.; McTiernan, Anne; Rosenblatt, Deborah Navarro; Thune, Inger; Vieira, Rute; Norat, Teresa

doi:10.1093/annonc/mdu042

Cited by 965 publications

(876 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Recent observations linking obesity (37,39), elevated cholesterol levels (3), low HDL-C (1, 29), and cholesterol metabolites (8) to breast cancer have provided new insights, but the association between HDL-C and mammographic density has been divergent (11,26,27,40). Our findings of an association between HDL-C and mammographic density are supported by others (26), but few studies have reported on the association between hormones and mammographic density stratified by HDL-C levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfavorable metabolic profiles, such as high BMI/excess weight and weight gain, are risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer development (39,49), but the association between excess weight/ weight gain and premenopausal breast cancer may vary by ethnisities and has not yet been clarified (50,51). Thus, different metabolic traits like BMI and HDL during premenopausal years are possible risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer, and may also be indicators of later breast cancer risk (49) through biomarkers such as mammographic density (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, Daily Estradiol and Progesterone, and Mammographic Density Phenotypes in Premenopausal Women

Flote

Frydenberg

Ursin

et al. 2015

Cancer Prevention Research

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High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) may influence the proliferation of breast tumor cells, but it is unclear whether low HDL-C levels, alone or in combination with cyclic estrogen and progesterone, are associated with mammographic density, a strong predictor of breast cancer development. Fasting morning serum concentrations of HDL-C were assessed in 202 premenopausal women, 25 to 35 years of age, participating in the Norwegian Energy Balance and Breast Cancer Aspects (EBBA) I study. Estrogen and progesterone were measured both in serum, and daily in saliva, throughout an entire menstrual cycle. Absolute and percent mammographic density was assessed by a computer-assisted method (Madena), from digitized mammograms (days 7-12). Multivariable models were used to study the associations between HDL-C, estrogen and progesterone, and mammographic density phenotypes. We observed a positive association between HDL-C and percent mammographic density after adjustments (P ¼ 0.030). When combining HDL-C, estradiol, and progesterone, we observed among women with low HDL-C (<1.39 mmol/L), a linear association between salivary 17b-estradiol, progesterone, and percent and absolute mammographic density. Furthermore, in women with low HDL-C, each one SD increase of salivary mid-menstrual 17b-estradiol was associated with an OR of 4.12 (95% confidence intervals; CI, 1.30-13.0) of having abovemedian percent (28.5%), and an OR of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.13-5.50) of having above-median absolute mammographic density (32.4 cm 2 ). On the basis of plausible biologic mechanisms linking HDL-C to breast cancer development, our findings suggest a role of HDL-C, alone or in combination with estrogen, in breast cancer development. However, our small hypothesis generating study requires confirmation in larger studies.Cancer Prev Res; 8(6); 535-44. Ó2015 AACR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, Daily Estradiol and Progesterone, and Mammographic Density Phenotypes in Premenopausal Women

Flote

Frydenberg

Ursin

et al. 2015

Cancer Prevention Research

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“…Hauner et al came to similar conclusions by assessing examinations and metaanalyses which were published between 1996-2010 [24]. The significance of obesity as a risk factor is increasing with age, especially after menopause [6,25,26], since tumours are characterized by worse response to treatment and great risk of relapse in this period [6,27], whereas women before and after menopause are characterized by worse survival [28]. Similar conclusions were drawn from a meta-analysis of 82 examinations carried out by Chan et al [2014], since worse overall survival among patients with breast cancer is recognized among women with higher BMI (≥30.0 kg/m 2 ).…”

Section: Diet In 2007 World Cancer Research Fund / Americanmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Similar conclusions were drawn from a meta-analysis of 82 examinations carried out by Chan et al [2014], since worse overall survival among patients with breast cancer is recognized among women with higher BMI (≥30.0 kg/m 2 ). According to the authors' observations, maintaining normal body weigh reduces the risk of breast cancer development, improves prognosis and reduces the possibility of occurrence of oncological treatment complications [28]. It was also shown that patients with normal body weight are less prone to cancer relapse, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [6].…”

Section: Diet In 2007 World Cancer Research Fund / Americanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer

Kolak¹,

Kamińska²,

Sygit

et al. 2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

219

125

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Introduction. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and is the second cancer frequently occurring worldwide of newly-diagnosed cancers. There is much evidence showing the influence of life style and environmental factors on the development of mammary gland cancer (high-fat diet, alcohol consumption, lack of physical exercise), the elimination of which (primary prevention) may contribute to a decrease in morbidity and mortality. Secondary prevention, comprising diagnostic tests (e.g. mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, breast self-examination, as well as modern and more precise imaging methods) help the early detection of tumours or lesions predisposing to tumours. Objective. The aim of this study paper is to review current knowledge and reports regarding primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. State of knowledge. It is estimated that nearly 70% of malign tumours are caused by environmental factors, whereas in breast cancer this percentage reaches 90-95%. There are national programmes established in many countries to fight cancer, where both types of prevention are stressed as serving to decrease morbidity and mortality due to cancers. Conclusions. Cancer prevention is currently playing a key role in the fight against the disease. Behaviour modification, as well as greater awareness among women regarding breast cancer, may significantly contribute towards reducing the incidence of this cancer. Another important aspect is the number of women undergoing diagnostic tests, which still remains at an unsatisfactory level.

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“…Authors of the meta-analysis also observed a suggestive association between overweight or obesity and better survival among oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients, summarizing evidence from four studies that also showed heterogeneity. A better survival associated with pre-diagnostic overweight or obesity is contrary to what is observed for other obesity-related types of cancer such as breast cancer [30] and colorectal cancer [31]. Although most studies adjusted for tumor stage, residual confounding by clinico-pathological characteristics cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Association Between Obesity and Oesophageal Cancer Survivalmentioning

confidence: 87%

Obesity and Oesophageal Cancer

Nimptsch

Steffen

Pischon

2016

Recent Results in Cancer Research

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(150-250 words)A substantial increase in the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has been observed in western countries during the past 30 years, which may be related to the parallel rise of the obesity prevalence. On the other hand, incidence rates of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, the other major histological type of oesophageal cancer, have remained relatively stable.Epidemiological research of the past decades has identified obesity as risk factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Studies investigating general obesity as assessed by body mass index provide evidence for a strong positive association with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Studies investigating abdominal obesity in relation to oesophageal adenocarcinoma observed also positive associations, which may be independent of general obesity. Some studies indicate that early life obesity is also associated with higher risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, but it is as to date unclear whether these associations are independent of adult obesity. Part of the positive association between obesity and oesophageal adenocarcinoma may be explained through obesityrelated mechanical promotion of gastrooesophageal reflux disease, which is one of the main risk factors for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Other lines of evidence point to an independent role of metabolic pathways modulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell growth such as proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines and insulin resistance, the role of which in oesophageal carcinogenesis is, however, as to date insufficiently understood. Studies investigating obesity in 2 relation to squamous cell carcinoma observed inverse relationships, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

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Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer—systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies

Cited by 965 publications

References 109 publications

High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, Daily Estradiol and Progesterone, and Mammographic Density Phenotypes in Premenopausal Women

High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, Daily Estradiol and Progesterone, and Mammographic Density Phenotypes in Premenopausal Women

Primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer

Obesity and Oesophageal Cancer

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