Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Risk of Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

Several studies have reported a positive relation of baseline body mass index (BMI) with multiple myeloma, but data on other correlates of energy balance are limited. We undertook the present analyses to further examine the role of energy balance in multiple myeloma etiology in two large prospective cohorts with biennially updated exposure data. We followed members of the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study cohorts from baseline until multiple myeloma diagnosis, death, or 2002. Adult height and current weight were reported at enrollment, and weight every 2 years thereafter. Physical activity was queried at baseline and updated every 2 to 4 years. We computed age-adjusted relative risks (RR) of multiple myeloma for categories of BMI and physical activity using Cox proportional hazards regression. We conducted analyses on each cohort separately and on both cohorts combined. We confirmed 215 incident cases of multiple myeloma in the combined cohort of ; RR (95% confidence interval), 1.6 (1.0-2.7) and 1.2 (0.7-2.2), respectively]. Physical activity was not significantly related to multiple myeloma risk, although an inverse association was suggested in women. In conclusion, obesity seems to have an etiologic role in multiple myeloma, but the role of other correlates of energy balance remains uncertain. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1474 -8)

Host-derived adiponectin is tumor-suppressive and a novel therapeutic target for multiple myeloma and the associated bone disease

“…31,32 However, adiponectin is inversely correlated with obesity, and there is increasing evidence to suggest an association between obesity, MGUS, and myeloma. 33,34 Interestingly, in the present study, all samples were age-, sex-, and BMI-matched; therefore, it is unlikely that the differences observed in adiponectin concentrations are simply a reflection of changes in obesity. Furthermore, we have confirmed that differences in glucose, testosterone, or the presence of a metabolic syndrome were not associated with progression from MGUS to myeloma.…”

Prediagnosis biomarkers of insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin, and interleukin-6 dysregulation and multiple myeloma risk in the Multiple Myeloma Cohort Consortium

“…With insufficient statistical power to jointly examine interactions of follow-up interval and BMI with biomarker concentration in relation to multiple myeloma risk, the present analysis is inconclusive as to whether dysregulation of IGF-1, insulin, or IL-6 explains the association of obesity with multiple myeloma. 5,6 Lastly, the median follow-up interval for study participants was Ͻ 7 years. Although we did not observe biomarker associations with multiple myeloma risk Ͼ 6 years after blood collection, the present analysis could not evaluate whether IGF-1, insulin, or IL-6 dysregulation has an early role in multiple myeloma etiology.…”

Physical Activity in Relation to Risk of Hematologic Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Table 1 presents the main characteristics and results of the 15 cohort studies (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) and eight case-control studies (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) included. Three studies investigated more than one physical activity domain (19,24,40) and nine studies provided results stratified by gender (20,22,23,25,26,29,32,39,40).…”