Body representation in ventrobasal thalamus of macaque: a single-unit analysis

Loe, P. R.; Whitsel, B. L.; Dreyer, D. A.; Metz, Charles B.

doi:10.1152/jn.1977.40.6.1339

Cited by 87 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the sensory topography in the thalamocortical pathway may be similar to that of the VP of the thalamus, as suggested by previous studies using macaque monkeys. 38 I observed 4 patients with frontoparietal subcortical or cortical infarcts. The absence of foot involvement in this group suggests that the sensory fibers from the foot are separated below this level and agrees with previous demonstrations that the area representing the foot is located apart from finger areas in the parietal cortex in contrast to the thalamus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricted acral sensory syndrome following minor stroke. Further observation with special reference to differential severity of symptoms among individual digits.

Kim

1994

Stroke

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Restricted acral sensory syndrome (RASS) after minor stroke most often manifests as a cheiro-oral syndrome. However, recent studies have described more varied patterns of RASS and also have reported that the degree of sensory symptoms may vary among individual digits. Until recently, however, there have been no reports in which sufficient numbers of patients were studied with detailed information on the symptomatic severity among individual digits. In this report, I describe 30 patients presenting with RASS secondary to minor stroke. Computed tomographic scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging identified lesions in the lateral thalamus in 11, midbrain in 2, pontine tegmentum in 8, capsulo-corona radiata in 5, and frontoparietal subcortical-cortical areas in 4 patients. The patterns of RASS were cheiro-oral in 10, cheiro-oral-pedal in 8, cheiro-pedal in 4, restricted to palm and/or fingers in 7, and periotal-pedal in 1. Dominant involvement of upper lip, thumb, and index finger was frequent, especially in patients with thalamic and thalamocortical lesions. In patients with cortical-subcortical lesions, cheiro-oral or restricted finger involvements were observed, while the foot was spared. In patients with pontine lesions, bilateral RASS was occasionally observed, and the pattern of preponderant involvement of the first two digits was not apparent. These patterns of RASS generally agree with the previously observed sensory topography of monkeys, and they support anatomic proximity of sensory fibers from acral parts of the body. However, other mechanisms such as differential vulnerability of generation of paresthesia in different body parts or a low-threshold concept based on disproportionately large representing areas for the acral parts of the body in the human sensory system may also be required to explain some of the clinical observations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricted acral sensory syndrome following minor stroke. Further observation with special reference to differential severity of symptoms among individual digits.

Kim

1994

Stroke

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“…Without exception, the major source of thalamic input to area 3b in both New World (e.g., Coq et al, 2004;Cusick and Gould, 1990;Krubitzer and Kaas, 1992;Lin et al, 1979;Mayner and Kaas, 1986) and Old World monkeys (e.g., Darian-Smith et al, 1990; e.g., Jones et al, 1979;Nelson and Kaas, 1981) is the VP, which receives low threshold cutaneous inputs from the contralateral face and body (e.g., Kaas et al, 1984;Loe et al, 1977;Rausell and Jones, 1991). Studies in which injection sites in 3b are highly restricted demonstrate some small differences in the patterns of thalamocortical connections of area 3b in New World versus Old World monkeys (Fig.…”

Section: Thalamocortical Connections Of Anterior Parietal Areas 3b Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thalamocortical connections of anterior and posterior parietal cortical areas in New World titi monkeys

Padberg

Krubitzer

2006

J of Comparative Neurology

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We examined the thalamocortical connections of electrophysiologically identified locations in the hand and forelimb representations in areas 3b, 1, and 5 in the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus moloch), and of area 7b/AIP. Labeled cells and terminals in the thalamus resulting from the injections were related to architectonic boundaries. As in previous studies in primates, the hand representation of area 3b has dense, restricted projections predominantly from the lateral division of the ventral posterior nucleus (VPl). Projections to area 1 were highly convergent from several thalamic nuclei including the ventral lateral nucleus (VL), anterior pulvinar (PA), VPl, and the superior division of the ventral posterior nucleus (VPs). In cortex immediately caudal to area 1, what we term area 5, thalamocortical connections were also highly convergent and predominantly from nuclei of the thalamus associated with motor, visual, or somatic processing such as VL, the medial pulvinar (PM), and PA, respectively; with moderate projections from VP, central lateral nucleus (CL), lateral posterior nucleus (LP), and VPs. Finally, thalamocortical connections of area 7b/AIP were from a range of nuclei including PA, PM, LP/LD, VL, CL, PL, and CM. The current data support two conclusions drawn from previous studies in titi monkeys and other primates. First, cortex caudal to area 1 in New World monkeys is more like area 5 than area 2. Second, the presence of thalamic input to area 5 from both motor nuclei and somatosensory nuclei of the thalamus, suggests that area 5 could be considered a highly specialized sensorimotor area.

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“…Classic definitions of the ventral posterior complex and surrounding nuclei rely almost exclusively on cytoarchitectonic distinctions. The ventral posterior nuclear complex is traditionally divided into a central cutaneous core region (VP proper, which is comprised of VPl and VPm), and a shell region (VPLc shell) in which neurons respond to stimulation of deep receptors (Mountcastle and Henneman, 1952;Loe et al, 1977;Kaas et al, 1984, see Kaas andPons, 1988 for review). However, electrophysiological recording studies combined with architectonic analysis and/or connections in both New (Kaas et al, 1984, Krubitzer andKaas, 1992) and Old World monkeys (Krubitzer et al, 1995) demonstrate that the shell region should be considered as a separate nucleus, VPs, which receives input from deep receptors, such as muscle spindles (Krubitzer et al, 1995).…”

Section: Sources Of Variability Across Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thalamo‐cortical connections of areas 3a and M1 in marmoset monkeys

Huffman

Krubitzer

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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The present investigation is part of a broader effort to examine cortical areas that contribute to manual dexterity, reaching, and grasping. In this study we examine the thalamic connections of electrophysiologically defined regions in area 3a and architectonically defined primary motor cortex (M1). Our studies demonstrate that area 3a receives input from nuclei associated with the somatosensory system: the superior, inferior, and lateral divisions of the ventral posterior complex (VPs, VPi, and VPl, respectively). Surprisingly, area 3a receives the majority of its input from thalamic nuclei associated with the motor system, posterior division of the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL), the mediodorsal nucleus (MD), and intralaminar nuclei including the central lateral nucleus (CL) and the centre median nucleus (CM). In addition, sparse but consistent projections to area 3a are from the anterior pulvinar (Pla). Projections from the thalamus to the cortex immediately rostral to area 3a, in the architectonically defined M1, are predominantly from VL, VA, CL, and MD. There is a conspicuous absence of inputs from the nuclei associated with processing somatic inputs (VP complex). Our results indicate that area 3a is much like a motor area, in part because of its substantial connections with motor nuclei of the thalamus and motor areas of the neocortex (Huffman et al. [2000] Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 25:1116). The indirect input from the cerebellum and basal ganglia via the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus supports its role in proprioception. Furthermore, the presence of input from somatosensory thalamic nuclei suggests that it plays an important role in somatosensory and motor integration.

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Body representation in ventrobasal thalamus of macaque: a single-unit analysis

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Restricted acral sensory syndrome following minor stroke. Further observation with special reference to differential severity of symptoms among individual digits.

Restricted acral sensory syndrome following minor stroke. Further observation with special reference to differential severity of symptoms among individual digits.

Thalamocortical connections of anterior and posterior parietal cortical areas in New World titi monkeys

Thalamo‐cortical connections of areas 3a and M1 in marmoset monkeys

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