Body Size, Weight Change, and Risk of Colon Cancer

Bassett, Julie K.; Severi, Gianluca; English, Dallas R.; Baglietto, Laura; Krishnan, Kavitha; Hopper, John L.; Giles, Graham G.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0543

Cited by 81 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Among women with available BMI measurements, there was no significant association between BMI level and cancer of digestive organs (p = 0.805) or hematological malignancies (p = 0.305). Similarly, previous studies have shown that among women, unlike in men, there is no [47] or little [48] association between body mass index and the aforementioned cancers. Therefore, it is unlikely that missing BMI measurements significantly biased our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Gestational diabetes and risk of incident primary cancer: a large historical cohort study in Israel

Sella

Chodick

Barchana

et al. 2011

Cancer Causes Control

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Gestational diabetes and risk of incident primary cancer: a large historical cohort study in Israel

Sella

Chodick

Barchana

et al. 2011

Cancer Causes Control

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“…Obesity, physical inactivity and the "Western diet" are all risk factors associated with an increased risk for CRC. The prevalence of obesity has increased markedly in the United States and is a major risk factor for CRC (14)(15)(16). Physical activity has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of both colon and rectal cancer (17,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing disparities in age-related incidence of colon and rectal cancer in the United States, 1975-2010.

Bailey

You

et al. 2014

JCO

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Importance-The overall incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been decreasing since 1998, but there has been an apparent rise in the incidence of CRC in young adults.Objective-To evaluate age-related disparities in secular trends in CRC incidence in the United States.Design-A retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) CRC registry. Age at diagnosis was analyzed in 15-year intervals starting at the age of 20. SEER*Stat was used to obtain the annual cancer incidence rates, annual percent change (APC), and corresponding p-values for the secular trends. Main Outcome-Difference in CRC incidence by age. Setting-DataResults-Overall age-adjusted CRC incidence rate decreased by 0.92% between 1975 and 2010. There has been a steady decline in the incidence of CRC in patients age 50 years or older, but the opposite trend has been observed for young adults. For patients 20 to 34 years of age, the incidence rate of localized, regional and distant colon and rectal cancer has increased. Increasing incidence rate was also observed for rectal cancer patients aged 35 to 49. Based on current trends, in 2030 the incidence rate for colon and rectal cancer will increase by 90.0% and 124.2% for patients 20 to 34 years of age and by 27.7% and 46.0% for patients 35 to 49 years of age.Conclusion and Relevance-There has been a significant increase in the incidence of CRC diagnosed in young adults, with a decline in older patients. Further studies are needed to determine the cause for these trends and identify potential preventive and early detection strategies.

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“…*Self-reported past body weight has 64-95% correlation with actual weight. 27 environment for transformed cell proliferation and lack of apoptosis. 2,35 Current screening guidelines do not recommend screening diabetics or obese patients earlier, though they do note that obese patients are at a greater risk.…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Dm2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Colorectal Cancer

Myung

2012

Korean J Gastroenterol

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Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer based on its molecular and metabolic effects on insulin and IGF-1, leptin, adipocytokines, and sex hormones. Obese men have a higher risk of colorectal cancer compared with normal weight men, but the association between obesity and rectal cancer is weaker than with colon cancer. There is a weaker association between obesity and colon cancer in women than in men, and no appreciable association between obesity and rectal cancer in women. Although obesity does not seem to have an effect on the number of lymph nodes harvested with resection, obesity does seem to be associated with more-aggressive colorectal cancers in a handful of studies. Survival and local recurrence studies are contradictory with no conclusive evidence that obesity predisposes to worse overall survival or increased recurrence in colon and rectal cancers. The literature is not definitive as far as overall morbidity and mortality rates in the obese are concerned, though obese rectal cancer patients seem to incur proportionally more morbidity and mortality. Preexisting steatosis or steatohepatitis in obese colorectal cancer patients or chemotherapy-induced liver dysfunction may lead to an increased mortality in obese patients with colorectal liver metastases. Diabetes may cause poorer response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer and contribute to higher mortality and recurrence in colon cancer.KEYWORDS: Obesity, colon cancer, rectal cancer, diabetes, men, women Objectives: After reading this review, the reader should be able to summarize how and why obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, and have an appreciation for how definitions of obesity vary and impact study results. In addition, the reader should also understand the impact of obesity on colorectal cancer short-term outcomes, long-term oncologic outcomes, and how obesity can impact the chemotherapeutic treatment of metastatic disease.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer death in Western societies and it is well known that this elevated risk is related to an imbalance between neoplasia promoting and protective dietary and lifestyle factors. Among the factors that tend to elevate risk are a high intake of animal fat, high calorie intake, high intake of processed foods with low fiber content, limited physical activity, excess alcohol intake, and finally obesity.What follows is a discussion on how and why obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer and how obesity influences short-and long-term oncologic outcomes from a surgical, pathologic, radiotherapy, and chemotherapeutic perspective. The data leads one to conclude that obesity has implications in all aspects of the care of colorectal cancer patients, from screening to surgical treatment to adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatments.

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Body Size, Weight Change, and Risk of Colon Cancer

Cited by 81 publications

References 57 publications

Gestational diabetes and risk of incident primary cancer: a large historical cohort study in Israel

Gestational diabetes and risk of incident primary cancer: a large historical cohort study in Israel

Increasing disparities in age-related incidence of colon and rectal cancer in the United States, 1975-2010.

Obesity and Colorectal Cancer

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