Body surface scan anthropometrics are related to cardiorespiratory fitness in the general population

Abstract

The assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important tool for prognosis evaluation of cardiovascular events. The gold standard to measure CRF is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). However, CPET is not only time consuming but also expensive and is therefore not widely applicable in daily practice. The aim of our study was to analyze, whether and which anthropometric markers derived from a 3D body scanner were related to VO2peak in a general population-based study. We analyzed data (SHIP-START-3) from 3D body scanner and CPET of 1035 subjects (529 women; 51.1%, age range 36–93). A total of 164 anthropometric markers were detected with the 3D body scanner VITUS Smart XXL using the software AnthroScan Professional. Anthropometric measurements were standardized and associated with CRF by sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for age and height. Anthropometric markers were ranked according to the − log- p values derived from these regression models. In men a greater left and right thigh-knee-ratio, a longer forearm-fingertip length, a greater left thigh circumference and greater left upper arm circumference were most strongly associated with a higher VO2peak. In women a greater left and right thigh circumference, left calf circumference, thigh thickness and right calf circumference were most strongly associated with a higher VO2peak. The detected VO2peak-related anthropometric markers could be helpful in assessing CRF in clinical routine. Commonly used anthropometric markers, e.g. waist and hip circumference, were not among the markers associated with VO2peak.

Associations between 47 anthropometric markers derived from a body scanner and relative fat-free mass in a population-based study

“…This measuring technique is based on the optical triangulation process using four lasers and eight cameras, to date one of the most precise method of contactless capture of body shape. The apparatus allows the observer to receive deformation-free measurements, since neither the lasers nor the sensors enter into any physical contact with the study participant [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Adipocentric origin of the common cardiometabolic complications of obesity in the young up to the very old: pathophysiology and new therapeutic opportunities

“…The distribution and amount of adipose tissue can accurately be assessed using imaging such as magnetic resonance (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) that represent the “gold standards.” However, these ideal methods of VAT evaluations in overweight and obesity are usually performed only for research purposes in small groups of selected patients. Non-invasive methods, such as bioimpedentiometry, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or total body 3D scanners, are useful to identify body fat percentage and distribution ( 72 , 73 ), although even these tools are not widely available and cost-efficient on large scales. Overall, the quality of anthropometric measurements is of fundamental importance.…”

Associations between anthropometric markers derived from a body scanner and relative fat-free mass in a population-based study

“…This measuring technique is based on the optical triangulation process using four lasers and eight cameras, to date one of the most precise method of contactless threedimensional capture of body shape. The apparatus allows the observer to receive deformation-free measurements, since neither the lasers nor the sensors enter into any physical contact with the subject 43,44 .…”