Body temperatures and sweating during exhaustive exercise.

Saltin, Bengt; Gagge, A. P.; Bergh, Ulf; Stolwijk, JA

doi:10.1152/jappl.1972.32.5.635

Cited by 101 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…• C during exercise-heat stress (107,127,256), and it has been known since 1868 that high temperatures can impair skeletal muscle function (273). In addition, elevated body temperatures has been associated with increased oxygen uptake during exercise in the heat (48) and after exercise in skeletal muscle preparations (30) and after exercise in intact humans (60, 61); however, not all studies report increased oxygen uptake during submaximal exercise when hyperthermic trials are compared to exercise in temperate conditions (107,205).…”

Section: History Of Research Related To Skeletal Muscle Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance in the Heat—Physiological Factors of Importance for Hyperthermia‐Induced Fatigue

Nybo

Rasmussen

Sawka

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

272

299

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This article presents a historical overview and an up-to-date review of hyperthermia-induced fatigue during exercise in the heat. Exercise in the heat is associated with a thermoregulatory burden which mediates cardiovascular challenges and influence the cerebral function, increase the pulmonary ventilation, and alter muscle metabolism; which all potentially may contribute to fatigue and impair the ability to sustain power output during aerobic exercise. For maximal intensity exercise, the performance impairment is clearly influenced by cardiovascular limitations to simultaneously support thermoregulation and oxygen delivery to the active skeletal muscle. In contrast, during submaximal intensity exercise at a fixed intensity, muscle blood flow and oxygen consumption remain unchanged and the potential influence from cardiovascular stressing and/or high skin temperature is not related to decreased oxygen delivery to the skeletal muscles. Regardless, performance is markedly deteriorated and exercise-induced hyperthermia is associated with central fatigue as indicated by impaired ability to sustain maximal muscle activation during sustained contractions. The central fatigue appears to be influenced by neurotransmitter activity of the dopaminergic system, but inhibitory signals from thermoreceptors arising secondary to the elevated core, muscle and skin temperatures and augmented afferent feedback from the increased ventilation and the cardiovascular stressing (perhaps baroreceptor sensing of blood pressure stability) and metabolic alterations within the skeletal muscles are likely all factors of importance for afferent feedback to mediate hyperthermia-induced fatigue during submaximal intensity exercise. Taking all the potential factors into account, we propose an integrative model that may help understanding the interplay among factors, but also acknowledging that the influence from a given factor depends on the exercise hyperthermia situation.

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Section: History Of Research Related To Skeletal Muscle Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance in the Heat—Physiological Factors of Importance for Hyperthermia‐Induced Fatigue

Nybo

Rasmussen

Sawka

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

272

299

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The data which does exist tends to show a transient decline in T m following exercise termination (Aikas et al 1962;Allsop et al 1991;Faulkner et al 2013;Kenny et al 2002;Kenny et al 2003;Saltin et al 1970;Saltin et al 1972). In rats, T m has previously been shown to follow an exponential decline immediately following moderate exercise cessation, with resting temperatures reached within 60 minutes (Brooks et al 1971).…”

Section: Muscle Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed time course of post exercise decline in T m has been reported on a number of occasions (Aikas et al 1962; Allsop et al 1991;Kenny et al 2002;Kenny et al 2003;Saltin et al 1970;Saltin et al 1972) however, with none directly assessing any subsequent performance changes following reductions in T m . In general, it appears that T m begins to decline immediately post exercise (Allsop et al 1991;Kenny et al 2003;Saltin et al 1970), with the rate at which T m declines being affected by environmental conditions (Saltin et al 1970;Saltin et al 1972) with colder ambient conditions leading to a faster decline in muscle temperature. This effect of the greater temperature gradient, owing to the increased temperature difference between the muscle, skin and the ambient air, will be modulated by several other factors, one being clothing insulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External muscle heating during warm-up does not provide added performance benefit above external heating in the recovery period alone

et al. 2013

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“…However, the use of oxygen deficit measurements in intense, exhaustive exercise are questionable as it is uncertain whether mechanical efficiency remains at values observed during submaximal exercise (Saltin, Gagge, Bergh & Stolwijk, 1972;Saltin, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic energy production and O2 deficit‐debt relationship during exhaustive exercise in humans.

Bangsbo¹,

Gollnick²,

Graham³

et al. 1990

The Journal of Physiology

Self Cite

302

248

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SUMMARY1. Eight subjects performed one-legged, dynamic, knee-extensor exercise, first at 10 W followed by 10 min rest, then at an intense, exhaustive exercise load (65 W) lasting 3-2 min. After 60 min recovery, exercise was performed for 8-10 min each at 20, 30, 40 and 50 W. Measurements of pulmonary oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood pressure, leg blood flow, and femoral arterial-venous differences of oxygen content and lactate were performed as well as determination of ATP, creatine phosphate (CP) inosine monophosphate (IMP) and lactate concentrations on biopsy material from the quadriceps muscle before and immediately after the intense exercise, and at 3, 10 and 60 min into recovery.2. Individual linear relations (r = 0-95-1-00) between the power outputs for submaximal exercise and oxygen uptakes (leg and pulmonary) were used to estimate the energy demand during intense exercise. Pulmonary and leg oxygen deficits determined as the difference between energy demand and oxygen uptake were 0-46 and 0-48 1 (kg active muscle)-', respectively. Limb and pulmonary oxygen debts (oxygen uptake during 60 min of recovery -pre-exercise oxygen uptake) were 0-55 and 1P65 1 (kg active muscle)-', respectively. J. BANGSBO AND OTHERS for less than 10 % of the leg oxygen debt, and lactate elimination including resynthesis of glycogen for another 25 %. 5. The anaerobic energy contribution during the first half-minute of intense exercise accounted for 80 % of the total energy turnover and this decreased to 30 % during the last phase of the exercise. The mean anaerobic energy contribution was 45 % for the 3-2 min of exhaustive exercise.6. The maximal anaerobic capacity of human muscle amounted to the equivalent of close to 051 02 kg-1. An extrapolation to whole-body anaerobic capacity cannot be made, as the magnitude of neither [ATP] and [CP] reduction nor lactate release from the muscle is likely to be comparable in all muscles when the human performs whole-body exercise.7. When exercising with a small muscle group the measurements of (i) oxygen deficit and (ii) energy yield, based on metabolic alterations of the active muscle, give similar values for the anaerobic energy release. The dominant fraction of the elevation in recovery oxygen uptake (i.e. oxygen debt) is not accounted for, as normalization of nucleotides, CP, muscle and blood lactate only amounted to about 3 of the debt measurement. Elevation in hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline as well as temperature do not appear to play a role in the high recovery oxygen uptake in the present study.

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Body temperatures and sweating during exhaustive exercise.

Cited by 101 publications

References 0 publications

Performance in the Heat—Physiological Factors of Importance for Hyperthermia‐Induced Fatigue

Performance in the Heat—Physiological Factors of Importance for Hyperthermia‐Induced Fatigue

External muscle heating during warm-up does not provide added performance benefit above external heating in the recovery period alone

Anaerobic energy production and O2 deficit‐debt relationship during exhaustive exercise in humans.

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