Body Water Estimates in Intrauterine-Growth-Retarded versus Normally Grown Baboon Neonates

Brans, Yves W.; Kuehl, Thomas J.; Hayashi, Robert H.; Andrew, Donna S.

doi:10.1159/000242604

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Hytten (1980) reported average weight gain during pregnancy in women as 18•8 % (12•5 kg) of their body weight. Brans et al (1986) estimated the weight gain during baboon pregnancy as 3•8 kg, which is higher than that we observed. This difference may result from the difference in housing (indoor v. outdoor), activity patterns, diet and pre-pregnancy status.…”

Section: Energy Requirements Body Composition Activity and Behavioucontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…Baboons present several advantages for the study of maternal nutrition and fetal growth compared with other non-human primates and non-primate species, including fetal size, which allows the conduct of experimental fetal procedures. Additionally, measurements of fetal body water content, blood constituents, body composition and glycogen stores in this species all closely correlate with values obtained in human fetuses (Brans et al 1986; Lewis et al 1989; Pere, 2003). In human pregnancy, intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as fetal weight below the 10th percentile at a given gestational age (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, 2000).…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

“…In human pregnancy, intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as fetal weight below the 10th percentile at a given gestational age (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, 2000). Because the description of normal growth is critical for diagnosing IUGR, the well-described gross and ultrasonographical values for fetal growth and signs of IUGR in the baboon (Brans et al 1986; Farine et al 1988), combined with similarities in placentation, make this species uniquely suited to studying maternal responses to pregnancy-related challenges including MNR.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic adjustments to moderate maternal nutrient restriction

Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch

Dudley

Gomez

et al. 2007

Br J Nutr

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Reduced food availability in pregnancy influences fetal growth, obstetric outcomes and offspring health in both developing and developed countries. The objective of the present study was to determine responses to moderate global maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) during pregnancy in baboons (Papio hamadryas) - an established non-human primate model for pregnancy-related research. Starting at 30 d gestation (dG), twelve pregnant baboons received 70 % of food (MNR group) consumed by twenty ad libitum-fed pregnant controls. Maternal body weight, BMI, food intake and physical activity were measured before pregnancy, at 90 dG and at 165 dG (full-term 180 dG). Fetal and placental weights were recorded at the time of Caesarean section (90 and 165 dG). Activity patterns were also evaluated in fourteen non-pregnant female baboons. Behavioural observations were made in five non-pregnant, six control and four MNR animals. Pregnant baboons decreased overall physical activity and energy-expensive behaviours compared with non-pregnant baboons. In the MNR group, maternal weight, weight gain and maternal physical activity were reduced compared with the control animals. MNR decreased placental weight and volume compared with control, while fetal weight and length were unaffected. We conclude that decreased physical activity and increased usage of maternal available body stores play an important role in the maternal response to pregnancy. Also, adaptations in maternal behaviour and energy utilisation protect fetal growth during moderate MNR.

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Section: Energy Requirements Body Composition Activity and Behavioucontrasting

confidence: 87%

supporting

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic adjustments to moderate maternal nutrient restriction

Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch

Dudley

Gomez

et al. 2007

Br J Nutr

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“…These data led most investigators to select a single blood sample, obtained 3 h after administration of bromide, to calculate the bromide space (23,(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), although there was no evidence that stabilization of plasma bromide concentrations did not occur earlier after intravenous injection. In the past, we chose to use 1 h as a convenient time of sampling in both human and baboon neonates (24,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). The resulting data for group averages were essentially identical to those obtained with the use of a 3-h sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilution Kinetics of Chemicals Used for Estimation of Water Content of Body Compartments in Perinatal Medicine

et al. 1989

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PAH, p-aminohippurateNumerous studies of perinatal physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and pathologic conditions require estimation of the fluid content of various body compartments. As direct volumetric determinations are not possible in vivo, less direct methods must be relied upon to obtain an acceptable estimate. The most commonly used techniques involve a principle developed by Fick. Fick's principle states that the fluid content (V) of a given space may be calculated following the administration of a dye or chemical into that space if the exact amount (Q) of substance injected and its concentration (C) in the fluid of the space are Rece~ved August 15, 1988; accepted November 22, 1988 known, or V = Q/C. The dye or chemical must have five main properties: It must I ) be harmless to the organism; 2) be easily measurable; 3) diffuse evenly and within a predictable period of time throughout its vol of distribution; 4) have no effect on fluxes of fluids across membranes; and 5 ) neither be metabolized nor leave the space for which the vol is being measured for the duration of the study. This last requirement is seldom met. If, however, the decrease in dye concentration with time follows a straight line, extrapolation of that line to time 0 (y-intercept or Co) still allows a vol determination to be made, or V = Q/Co. In that case, the rate at which the substance escapes from its vol of distribution, be it by metabolism or excretion, may be also calculated (slope of the concentration versus time line).In cases where all four criteria are met, the marker diffuses as soon as it is administered to reach an even concentration throughout its vol of distribution. In cases where the fourth criterion is not met, two phenomena occur simultaneously as soon as the marker is administered. First, the marker diffuses to reach an even concentration throughout its vol of distribution; second it is being cleared from its assigned space. To interpret the data correctly, it is important to determine at what point in time equilibration is complete and the behavior of the marker concentration thereafter, i.e. the kinetics of the marker. Yet kinetic data have often been disregarded or remained buried in the investigators' laboratory data books and are scarce in the relevant literature. Also, in human perinatal medicine, there are ethical and practical limitations on the number and vol of body fluid samples that may be obtained. In this report, we have made use of the baboon (Papio cynocephalus), whose fetoplacentouterine unit and neonatal physiology and metabolism are very similar to those of Homo sapiens, to determine the kinetics of six markers: PAH (amniotic fluid vol), inulin (amniotic fluid vol), antipyrine (total body water), H2'" (total body water), bromide (extracellular water) and T-1824 (plasma vol). From these kinetics, precise recommendations may be made regarding optimal time and method of amniotic fluid or blood sampling. MATERIALS A N D METHODSPAIf and inulin dilution. The kinetics of PAH and inulin dilution in amniotic f...

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